718 



ICHTHYOLOGY. 



British 

 lushes. 



Smelt. 



156. S. salvelinus. Red-belly. 



This is an alpine species, and appears to be common 

 to the lakes of Wales and Scotland. It was first dis- 

 tinctly pointed out as a British fish by Donovan in his 

 British Fishes, tab. 112. 



157. S. alpinut. Char. 



Frequent in the larger lakes in the middle and south- 

 tem parts of the kingdom. 



158. S. Cambricus. Sewin. 



This fish is figured and described by Donovan in his 

 JJrilish Fishes, tab. 91. It is very common in Wales. 

 It appears to have been confounded with the S. eriox, 

 and even with the Sheiffer mulleri of Bloch, but the 

 form of the tail and of the spots furnish suflicient 

 characters of distinction. 



159. S. albtis. White. 



This species is described by Pennant in his British 

 Zoology, as inhabiting the Esk in Cumberland. He 

 considers it as the Phinock of the Scots. Is the S. 

 Cumberland of La Cepede specifically distinct ? 



GENUS CLXXXI. OSMERUS. Smelt. 



1 60. 0. cparlanus. Smelt or Spirling. 



This species frequents many of the larger rivers, and 

 is gregarious. It feeds upon the smaller Crustacea. 



GENUS CLXXXII. COREGONUS. 



161. C. lavarclits. Gwiniad. 



This is common in some of the Welch lakes, and is 

 likewise found in those of Scotland. 



162. C. thymallus. Grayling. 



Common in many of the English rivers. Mr Low, in 

 liis Natural History of Orkney, p. 224, informs us that 

 it is very common in that country. 



163. C. albula. Juvangis. 



Stewart, in his Elements of Natural History, vol. i. 

 |). 373, refers the Juvangis of Lochmaben to this spe- 

 cies. Mr Pennant considered it as the Gwiniad. In 

 the Statistical Account of the Parish of Lochmaben, vol. 

 vii. p. 236, it is said that " they have a mark of a heart 

 on the head." 



164?. C. cltipeoides. 



This species, described by La Cepede from the com- 

 munications of M. Noel, is the fresh water herring of 

 Loch Lomond. According to the observations of Dr 

 Stewart of Luss, however, it is the gwiniad, and is also 

 called powan and pollag. 



GENUS CLXXXVI1I. Esox. Pike. 



165. E. Indus. Common Pike. 



This fish, which is now found in many of the lakes 

 and rivers of this kingdom, is said to have been intro- 

 duced into England in the reign of Henry VIII. in 

 1537- But as pykes and breams are stated to have been 

 served up in plenty, at the feast given by the Archbi- 

 shop of York in 1466, it is probable that even at that 

 time pikes were not uncommon in the country. In the 

 south of Scotland it is called ged. 



166. E- belong. Gar pike. 



The gar pike is taken on all our coasts, and in gene- 

 ral makes its appearance with the mackrel. We have 

 seen specimens thrown ashore in the winter season in 

 the northern islands. 



GENUS CXCI. LEPISOSTEUS. Gar-Jlsh. 

 Gar-fish. 167. L. Osseus. Common gar-fish. 



This species was first described as British by Berken- 

 hout, as having been found on the Sussex coast. Mr 

 Stewart, in his Elements of Natural History, 2d edit, 

 vol. i. p. 374, adds that it lias been taken in the Frith 

 of Forth. 



Pike. 



GENUS CXCIII. SCOMBERESOX. Saury. British 



168. S. saurus. Common saury. tnhm. 

 Ray was the first who described this species as Bri- .,/"* 



tish under the name skobsteror skipper, and as inhabit- 

 ing the coasts of Cornwall. Pennant afterwards con- 

 tributed to make it more generally known. It has 

 since been found by several naturalists on various parts 

 of the coast. In the Frith of Forth it is called goivd- 

 nook, or gattfnook, and sometimes Egyptian herring. 



GENUS CXCVII. ARGENTINA. Argentine. 



169. A. sphyrama. Pearly Argentine. " Argcr,: : c. 

 First described as British by Pennant. It is a rare 



species, and has seldom come under the observation of 

 British ichthyologists. Mr Low in his Nat. Hist, of 

 Orkney, p. 225. examined one found on the shores of 

 that country. 



GENUS CXCVIII. ATHERINA. Atherine. 



170. A. hepsetiu. European Atherine. Atherine. 

 According to Pennant, this fish is very common in 



the sea, about Southampton, and Donovan obtained 

 them from the coast of Devon. In Scotland, ac- 

 cording to Mr Neill, they are found washed ashore in 

 the Frith of Forth, and we have observed young spe- 

 cimens in the Tay. 



GENUS CCI. MUGIL. Mullet. 



171- M. ccphalus. Common Mullet. Mullrt. 



This fish is found on many of our shores, near the 

 mouths of rivers, both in Scotland and England. 



GENUS CCV. ExorosTus. Flying Fish. 



172. E.volitans. Common Flying Fish. pl - n ^ 

 There is but one instance on record of this fish hav- 

 ing been found on our shores. In June 1765 one was 

 caught at a small distance below Caermarthen, in the 



river Towy, being brought up by the tide, which flows 

 as far as the town. An account of it was communi- 

 cated to Pennant, by John Strange, Esquire, at Caer- 

 marthen, who saw the fish. 



GENUS CCIX. CLUPEA. Herring. 



173. C. harengus. Common Herring. Herring. 

 Very common on the coasts of Scotland and the 



north of England. Those which are caught on the 

 west coast of Scotland, are preferred to those taken on 

 the east, as being larger and fatter, from their living in 

 deeper water. 



174>. C. sprat ttis. Sprat. 



This is frequently confounded with the herring fry. 

 It is much more frequent in England than in Scotland. 

 With us it is called garvy. 



175. C. alosa. Shad. 



This fish is not uncommon in the great rivers, into 

 which it enters to spawn. It feeds on young herring 

 and other small fishes. Above and below the forked 

 division of the tail on both sides, we have observed 

 subsidiary (inlets or plaits, which do not appear to be 

 taken notice of by authors. 



176. C. encrassicolus. Anchovy. 



This species has hitherto been met with but sparing- 

 ly on our shores. Ray observed it in the estuary of 

 the Dee. Pennant obtained it in Flintshire, and Do- 

 novan from the coast of Hampshire. 



GENUS CCXI. CLUPANODON. Pilchard. 



177. C. pilchardus. Common Pilchard. 



This fish is occasionally seen in the Scottish seas, 

 but it appears to be very common on the Cornish 

 shores. It is very distinct from the herring, with 

 which, however, it has been often confounded. 



Pilchard. 



