ICHTHYOLOGY. 



719 



's CCXVII. CYPRIXUS. Carp. 

 SECTION I. Bearded. 



1 78. C. carpio. Common Carp. 



This fish is a native of the warmer countries of Eu- 

 rope, but on account of the excellence of its flesh it has 

 been naturalized in many of the northern kingdoms. 

 It is generally said to have been introduced into 

 England about the year 1514 by Leonard Maschal. 

 But Mr Donovan proves, from a passage in the Boke of 

 Si Aldan'*, by Wynken de IVorde, published in the 

 year 1 1<K>, that it was known in England at that pe- 

 riod, although considered as rare. A few unsuccessful 

 attempts have been made to translate them into Scot- 

 land, where it is said they will not breed in the ponds. 



179 C. barlau. Barbel. 



This is common in the still, deep parts of the English 

 rivers. It U not known as an inhabitant of Scotland, 

 into which, however, it might easily be translated. 



C. gobio. Gudgeon. 



This is a very common fish in England, being found 

 in almost all the streams and pools of fresh water. It 

 it unknown in Scotland. 



180. C. tenca. Tench. 



It inhabits tranquil waters, and is common in the 

 lake* and riven of England. The only evidence of its 

 being found in Scotland is in the Statistical Account of 

 the parish of Inch in Galloway, by the Rev. Peter Per- 

 guson. Speaking of the lakes in the parish, he says 

 " they abound in pike, perch, carp, tench, roach, white 

 and red trout." Slat. Ac. Scot. vol. iii. p. 137. 



SECT. II. Beardlttt. 



181. C. carattiui. Crusian. 



According to Pennant, this species is common in 

 wany of the fish ponds about London, and other parts 

 of the south of England. He believes that that is not 

 a native fish. It is not however ascertained by whom, 

 or at what period it was introduced. 



1M. C. pkoxinut. Minnow. 



This gregarious specie* is found in almost every gra- 

 velly stream. 



18S. C.ltucuau. Dace. 



The dace is very common in the early part of sum- 

 mer in many of the English rivers. It is unknown in 

 .Scotland. The training of Pennant, found in the Mer- 

 sey, appears to be a variety of this specie* ; it is the 



C. Lancastriensis of Shaw. General Zoolosii, vol. v. 

 p. 234. 



184. C. rulilus. Roach. 



This is found in many of our deep rivers and lakes. 

 It is rare in the eastern parts of Scotland ; but on the 

 west it is common, and known by the name of Braise 

 or Gilt-head. 



185. C. idus. 



This species is inserted as British on the authority of 

 Mr Stewart in his Elements of Natural History, 2d edit, 

 vol. i. p. 382, who says, " Found in the Nith by Dr. 

 Walker." 



1 86. C. orfus. Rudd, or Finscale. 



This Linnaean species is unquestionably the Rutilus 

 latior of Willoughby, and minutely described by him 

 as a native of the English Lakes. 



187. C. erythrapthalmus. Red Eye. 



This species is figured by Donovan, tab. xl. We 

 may observe that disputes have arisen about our Eng- 

 lish Rudd ; some supposing it the orfus of Linnaeus, 

 while others regard it as the erythropthalmus. To us 

 it appears extremely probable, that both species are 

 found in our lakes ; and had the descriptions of Pen- 

 nant and Donovan been as copious and minute as that 

 of Willoughby, all doubts upon the subject would easily 

 have been removed. 



188. C. Jetes. Chub. 



The chub icommon in the deep holes of rivers in 

 England : in Scotland, according to Pennant, it is found 

 in the Annan. 



189. C.alburntu. Bleak. 



Very common in some of the English rivers ; un- 

 known in Scotland. 



190. C. brama. Bream, 



The bream is common in the lakes and deep parts of 

 rivers in England and Ireland : in Scotland it is found 

 in Lochmaben. 



1 91. C. aurattu. Goldfish. 



This species was introduced into England about the 

 year 1691. It breeds freely in the open waters: in 

 Scotland it does not increase. 



In the preceding list of our native fishes, we have 

 purposely omitted a few spurious species which have a 

 place in some of the works on British zoology. Perhaps 

 one or two in the present list may, upon farther inqui- 

 ry, be found mere varieties. This, we suspect, will 

 prove to be the case with some of the species of the ge- 

 nera Squalus, Raja, Salmo, and perhaps Cyprinus. 



(J. P.) 



British 

 Fishes. 



I C O 



iLMKILL, or I-COIX-MB-KILL. See ION*. 



K(.\M>ltIA. See BOTANY. 



IDA. See TROY and THOAD. 



I DA AN, race of mankind dispersed through seve- 

 ral island* of the Eastern seas, and principally charac- 

 terized by the singularity of their customs. Mr D.ilrym- 

 ple justly observe* that " the Idaan of different places go 

 under different denomination*, and have different lan- 

 guage*," and accordingly we find them under the name 

 of Idaan, Maront, Alforese, Horaforax, Dejakkese, Biad- 

 joos, and Oraa-Abing. All these seem to constitute but 

 a single nee of people, but the appellation Idaan is more 

 specially applicable to those in the northern parts of 

 Borneo; Alibrec to those of the Molucca islands, now 

 nearly extirpated from some of them ; and Horaforasto 

 those of the eastern islands' in general See BORNEO, 

 Voi III. p. 729. 



I C O 



IDEA. See LOGIC and MORAL PHILOSOPHY. 



IDEAL BEAUTY. See TASTE. 



IDI.XTITY. See LOGIC. 



1 ! X JLATRY. See POLYTHEISM. 



IDKIA, is a district of Carniola, dependent on the 

 circle of Adlerberg, in the dominions of the emperor of 

 Austria. Having been wrested from that monarch by 

 the French in 1809, * was constituted a canton and 

 mayoralty, extending over eleven miles square, and 

 fanning part oi'thelllyrian provinces. It was furthersub- 

 divided into the town of Idria, the village of Lower Idria, 

 and eight hamlets. The whole of this territory is moun- 

 tainous, and interspersed with narrow vallics, which 

 are copiously watered by torrents from the hills. The 

 river Idrixa rises in the Julian Alps, about three leagues 

 from the town of Idria, and after receiving the Canom- 

 la, Zalla, and several subterraneous streams, it falls into 



Idriv. 



