JED 



724 



J E R 



.tttlburgh 



Roxburgh, at St James's fair in the vicinity of Kelso, 

 and enjoy the half of the customs ; privileges which 

 redound more to their honour than profit, as they 

 are supposed to have been conferred as a reward for 

 meritorious services during the period of the Border 

 wars, but are not productive of any solid emolument. 

 There are four fairs held annually in the town of Jed- 

 burgh The whole revenue of the town does not ex- 

 ceed 500 per annum, of which a large part is expend- 

 ed annually for the interest of debt. The mills were 

 formerly included in the lordship of Jedburgh, confer 

 red on Sir Andrew Kerr ; but were afterwards transfer- 

 red, either gratuitously or for a small sum, to the burgh, 

 and confirmed by a charter of James the First. 



The poor of the town are maintained by an assess- 

 ment, laid upon the inhabitants in proportion to the value 

 of their houses and landed property within the royalty. 

 The number of poor now in the list of supply amounts to 

 67, and the assessment granted forthe last half year, (July 

 1817) to the sum of 135. The annual rent of the houses 

 and gardens within the royalty is estimated at j. 4000. A 

 parish bank was established July 1815 in the town of 

 Jedburgh, in partnership with the country parish, and six 

 neighbouring parishes, which has fully answered the 

 hopes of its patrons ; the small sums deposited now 

 amounting, July 1817, to 1996. An auxiliary bible 

 society was established two years ago, under the direc- 

 tion of the most respectable, neighbouring gentlemen, 

 and the ministers of the town. A branch of the Bri- 

 tish Linen Company was established at Jedburgh in the 

 year 1791, and carries on business to a great extent. 



There is a good butcher market in the town of Jed- 

 burgh ; the bread has been long excellent ; and in the 

 summer months, and in winter when the weather is mild, 

 the town is well supplied with fish, brought from the 

 distance of thirty miles A stage-coach runs from Jed- 

 burgh three days in the week, and returns in the alter- 

 nate days. A coach also runs from Hawick to Berwick, 

 which passes through Jedburgh and returns the same 

 day. The greatest grievance to which the town and neigh- 

 bourhood are subjected arises from the dearness of fuel, 

 consisting chiefly of coals brought from Northumberland. 

 The average price may be stated at 1 s. 7d. per cwt. 



The diversity of surface, and the adjacent woods and 

 brooks, afford a variety of beautiful picturesque scenes. 

 The soil is deep and fertile even to the top of the hills, 

 and peculiarly favourable to horticulture and orchards, 

 for which Jedburgh has been long celebrated. Some 

 of the pear-trees, which bear the marks of great anti- 

 quity, are supposed to have been planted by the hands 

 of ecclesiastical proprietors before the Reformation.* 



JEDO. See JIDDA. 



JEJURRY is the name of a pretty large Mahratta 

 town in India in the province of Bejapoor. It is prin- 

 cipally celebrated for its temple, dedicated to an incar- 

 nation of Mahadeva, or Siva. It is built of fine stone, 

 and has a very majestic appearance and situation, on a 

 high hill, in a beautiful country. The ascent to the 

 temple is by & handsome flight of broad stone steps, 

 arches being in many places thrown across over the 

 stairs. The inner temple where the deity is placed is 

 ancient and not very handsome. The establishment of 

 dancing girls attached to it, amounted in 1792 to 250. 

 The revenues of the temple are derived from offerings, 

 and from houses and lands jjiven by pious persons. The 

 annual expenditure on account of the idol is 6000. 

 The idol has horses and elephants kept for him, and 

 along with his spouse, is bathed daily in rice and Ganges 

 vater, the last of which is brought from a distance of 



1000 miles. At the annual fair which is held in Janu- 

 ary, no fewer than 100,000 persons visit Jrjnrry. East 

 Long. 74 17', and North Lat. 30 54'. See Moor's 

 Hindoo Pantheon. 



JELLY. See CHEMISTRY, Vol. VI. p. 130. 



JEROM, or HIERONYMUS, was born about the year 

 329 at Strido, a town on the confines of Pannonia and 

 Dalmatia. His father, who was a person of rank and 

 property, took great care of his education ; and sent 

 him at a proper age to study at Rome, under the best 

 masters of those times. Under the celebrated Donatus, 

 he made great progress in the belles lettres, and all the 

 learned languages ; and was particularly careful to ac- 

 complish himself in the art of oratory, that he might 

 the better recommend the Christian tenets. Having fi- 

 nished his education at Rome, he travelled into various 

 countries in pursuit of knowledge, examining all the 

 public libraries, and conversing with all the men of 

 learning in his way. Upon his return to Rome, he re- 

 solved to devote his future life to study, and to with- 

 draw himself entirely to some remote region, at a dis- 

 tance from large towns and civilized life. Taking with 

 him only his books, and money sufficient to defray the 

 expense of his journey, he proceeded through Asia Mi- 

 nor to Jerusalem ; thence to Antioch, where he had a 

 dangerous illness ; and finally settled in a frightful desert 

 of Syria, where he entered upon a strict monastic course 

 of life, in the Slst year of his age. He applied himself 

 especially with the utmost assiduity to the study of the 

 sacred scriptures, and of the oriental languages ; but, 

 after four years of laborious application, his health be- 

 came so much impaired, that he found it necessary to 

 return to Antioch. By Paulinus, bishop of that city, 

 he was ordained a priest in the year 378 ; but with the 

 express stipulation on his part, that he should not be 

 confined to any particular cure. In 381, he went to 

 Constantinople, where he acknowledges himself to have 

 received much valuable instruction relating to the Scrip- 

 tures from Gregory Nazianzen ; and, in the following 

 year, he accompanied Paulinus of Antioch to Rome, 

 where he became secretary to Pope Damasus. After 

 the death of that pontiff in 385, and in consequence of 

 the vexations which he experienced from the followers 

 of Origen, he again removed from the city of Rome, and 

 took up his abode at Bethlehem in Judea.' Thither he 

 was followed by many persons of both sexes from va- 

 rious parts, who had resolved to embrace the monastic 

 life, and who were attracted by his fame for learning 

 and piety to put themselves under his superintendence. 

 Here he enjoyed all that repose in which he so much 

 delighted, and employed the remainder of his life in, 

 Composing a variety of learned works, and in diligently 

 attending to the religious instruction of those who had 

 collected around him as their pastor. He was much 

 engaged particularly in writing against the prevailing 

 heresies of his time, especially against the errors of Ori- 

 gen, and those who supported the tenets of that rival 

 father. He lived to the age of 90 years, retaining his 

 vigour of mind to the last ; and died on the 30th of 

 September, A. D. 420. He has been pronounced by 

 Erasmus, " the greatest scholar, the greatest orator, and 

 the greatest divine, that Christianity had then produ- 

 ced ;" but Le Clerc profejres to shew, that his eloquence 

 is often the mosthyperboircal declamation, his acquaint- 

 ance with the learned languages far from accurate, and 

 his reasonings generally obscure and inconsistent. His 

 style as a writer, is nevertheless acknowledged to be in 

 no small degree both elegant and animated ; and his 

 judgment and learning to have been upon the whole 



Jelly, 



Jcrom. 



The Editer is indebted for this article to THOMAS SOMERVJIIE, D.D. F.R.S.E. 



