758 



JERSEY. 



JERSEY, NEW, one of the United States of North 

 America, is situated between 39 and 41 of North Lat. 

 and 74 and 75 29' of West Long. Its length from 

 north to south is 160 miles. Its least breadth in the 

 centre 42 miles. Its greatest breadth in the north 70 

 miles, and in the south 75. It contains nearly 8320 

 square miles, and 5,324,000 acres. It is bounded on 

 the north by New York, on the east and south-east 

 by Hudson's River, New York Bay, and the Atlantic 

 Ocean ; and by Delaware Bay and River on the south- 

 west and west, by which it is separated from the states 

 of Delaware and Pennsylvania. The state is divided 

 into 13 counties, which contain 116 towns, viz. 



Jersey, 



New. 



General as- 

 pect. 



Soil and 





The three northern counties of this state are moun- 

 tainous, and the next four are agreeably diversified 

 with hills and vallies. The south mountain, which is 

 one great ridge of the Alleghany range, crosses the state 

 in Lat. 41, and the Kittatinny ridge passes a little to 

 the north of the south mountain. The highlands of 

 Navesink, on the coast, near Sandyhook, are about 600 

 feet above the sea. The greater part of the six south- 

 ern counties are occupied with that long range of flat 

 land, which commences at Sandyhook, and lines the 

 coast of the middle and southern states. Nearly four- 

 fifths of the six southern counties, or two-fifths of the 

 whole state, are entirely barren, producing only shrub 

 oaks, and yellow pines; but the rest of the state contains 

 good soil, and excellent pasturage. Great numbers of 

 cattle are raised in the mountainous parts for the mar- 

 kets of New York and Philadelphia, and wheat, rye, 

 maize, buckwheat, potatoes, oats and barley, are rais- 

 ed for home consumption. Large dairies are also kept, 

 and great quantities of butter and cheese made. 



Great quantities of leather are manufactured at the va- 

 luable tanneries of Trenton, Newark, and Elizabeth- town. 

 There is a considerable shoe manufactory at Newurk, 

 a glass house in Gloucester county, and paper mills and 

 nail manufactories aie erected and wrought to advan- 

 tage in several parts of the state. The iron works, 

 which are a great source of wealth, are erected in Glou- 

 cester, Burlington, Sussex, Morris, and other counties. 

 There are no fewer than seven rich iron mines in Mor- 

 ris county, two furnaces, two rolling and slitting mills, 

 and about 30 forges, with from two to lour fires each. 

 The annual produce of these works is about 540 tons 

 1 



Manufac- 

 tures. 



of bar iron, 800 tons of pigs, besides large quantities of 

 hollow ware, sheet iron, and nail rods. In the whole 

 state, the annual produce, is computed at 1200 tons of "^ 

 bar iron, 1200 tons of pigs, and 80 tons of nails, exclu- 

 sive of small articles. 



The annual amount of articles exported from the sea- Commerce, 

 ports of New Jersey, was, in 1810, 430,267 dollars. 

 The aggregate tonnage of the state for 1807, was 22,958. 

 The exports through New York and Philadelphia are 

 very great. The exports are flour, wheat, horses, cat- 

 tle, hams, cider, lumber, flax seed, leather, and iron. 



The principal rivers in New Jersey, are the Delaware Rivets, 

 and Hudson rivers ; the Passaic, which is navigable 

 for 10 miles, and has very interesting cataracts at Pat- 

 terson ; the Hackinsac, which is navigable 1 5 miles ; 

 the Great Egg Harbour river, which is navigable 20 

 miles for boats of 200 tons burthen ; the Maurice, which 

 is navigable for 20 miles by sloops of 100 tons; and the 

 Muscoriecunk, which runs into the Delaware. 



The principal towns of the state are Newark, a flou- Towns. 

 rishing well built town, with a population of 8008 in 

 1810; Trenton, the seat of government, with a popu- 

 lation of 3002 ; Perth Amboy, so called from James 

 Drummond, Earl of Perth and Ambo, with a popula- 

 tion of 8 15; Burlington, with a population of 2419; 

 New Brunswick, where there is a college, founded in 

 1770, and a population of 6312 ; Prince/own, a village 

 with 80 houses, where there is a celebrated college called 

 Nassau Hall, founded in 1738 ; and Elizabeth Town, 

 with a population of 2977. 



Besides 1 5 incorporated academies, this state has two Literature, 

 colleges, viz. the college at Princetown, and Queen's 

 College at New Brunswick. The college edifice at 

 Princetown is of stone, and is 180 feet in length, 54 in 

 breadth, and 4 stories high, and divided into 42 conve- 

 nient chambers for the accommodation of the students, 

 besides a chapel, dining hall, and room for the library. 

 A theological seminary with two professors, has lately 

 been added to this establishment. In winter, there are 

 from 70 to 80 students in the five classes of the. college, 

 exclusive of the grammar school; and in the summer 

 from 80 to 90. The college at New Brunswick was 

 founded by ministers of the Dutch church for the edu- 

 cation of their clergy, and was incorporated in 1770. 



There are a number of different religious denomina- Religious, 

 tions in New Jersey. The Presbyterians., who are the s tatv 

 most numerous, had, in 181 1, 64 churches, and 42 cler- 

 gymen ; the Dutch reformed churches 64, and 42 cler- 

 gymen ; the Episcopal church 24 churches, and 10 cler- 

 gymen ; the Baptist church 30 churches, and 23 cler- 

 gymen; the Congregational churches 9 churches, and 

 5 clergymen. The Methodists are very numerous; 

 the number of their communicants was about 6739 in 

 1811. The Quakers have 44 meeting houses in the state. 



This state was included, in 1664, in the patent of History, 

 Charles II. to his brother the Duke of York and Alba- 

 ny, who soon after conveyed it to Berkely and Carteret. 

 In the same year, three inb.abitants.of Long Island pur- 

 chased from the Indians a tract of land, and called it 

 Elizabeth Town ; and in the year following, the colony 

 received its own governor Sir. G. Carteret, and became 

 a distinct province. 



The inhabitants are a collection of Low Dutch, Ger. Inhabitants, 

 mans, English, Scotch, Irish, and New Englanders, or 

 their descendants. In 1810, the population was, Population. 



Mai^s 115,357 



Females 111,511 



Total population in 1810, 226,868 

 The militia in 1810, amounted, to 33,710 men. 

 Morse's American Geography. 



See 



