BOTANY. 



23 



wards, Jacquin, his distinguished successor, from 

 whose various and enlightened labours not only bo- 

 tany, but natural science in general, has reaped the 

 greatest advantages, having turned his thoughts with 

 much /eal and ability to the same object, began to 

 publish the Flora Aitstriaca, a work of very high 

 character, which he completed in 1778, in 5 \ 

 folio; the descriptions being, as in the Flora Danica, 

 which he seems to have taken for his model, illustra- 

 ted with 500 accurate and neatly coloured plates. 

 Nor was the spirit of discovery, in the mean time, 

 less active in several other parts : for, to say nothing 

 of the meritorious industry of Dr Murray, and after 

 him of Weber, in exploring and describing the plants 

 growing naturally round Gottingcn j of Reichard, in 

 preparing his account of those growing round Frank- 

 fort on the Mayn ; or of John Frederick Gmelin, 

 and John Daniel Leers, in publishing, the one a Flo- 

 ra Tubingensis, and the other a Flora Herbonensis ; 

 we may observe, that Pollich, a botanist of some e- 

 minence, wrote an elaborate history of the indigenous 

 flora of the Palatinate ; a subject on which Neckar 

 had, a few years before, bestowed a good deal of at- 

 tention ; and that Conrad Moench, professor at Mar- 

 burgh, after having surveyed the country of Hesse 

 with great care, began to communicate the result of 

 his researches in a work entitled, Eniimcratio plaata- 

 rum indigenarum Hessice, prceserlim itifcrioris. The 

 design, however, we regret to say, was somehow 

 interrupted, as the first part, which appeared in 

 1777, is the only one which has hitherto been made 

 public.. We may add, that in 1784, a Flora of what 

 was lately the bishopric of Fulda, was published by 

 Leiblein. Two years after appeared another, by an 

 anonymous author, under the title of Flora Stutt- 

 gardiensis ; and since that time we have been favour- 

 ed with the Flora; Megalapolitance Prodi-omits of 

 Timm, the In-.iex Pluntarum Erfurt annum of Pla- 

 ner, the Baiersche Flora, et Primitiec Florae Salts- 

 iurgensis of Schrauk, the Icones et descriptiones gra- 

 minum Austriacorum of Host, which appeared in 

 1801 1805, and the Descriptiones et Icones planta- 

 rum rariornm Hungarice of Count Waldstein and 

 Paul Kftaibel, which was published in 1802 and 

 1805, together with a few other catalogues, or sta- 

 tistical accounts, of less moment, which are to be 

 -ound chiefly in periodical publications. 



The authors, on the other hand, who contributed 

 most to advance the knowledge of indigenous botany 

 in Germany during this period, as general writers, 

 were Hoffman, Roth, Honckeny, and Schrader. Of 

 the work of Dr Hoffman, which appeared in 1791 

 under the title of Deutchslands Flora, or of that of 

 Honckeny, which was published two or three years 

 after, under the title of Synopsis Plantantm Germa- 

 nitE, we have not had the means of forming a compe- 

 tent judgment ; though from the general character 

 which Dr Hoffman in particular has as a botanist, 

 we should be inclined to suppose that he has written 

 well. But the Tcntamen Floral Germanicw of Dr 

 Roth, as it is modestly enough termed, which was 

 given to the public between the years 1787 and 1794, 

 in two large Svo. vols. ; and the Spicilegium Flora: 

 Gernianicce of Dr Schrader of Gottingen, part of 

 which appeared in 1794, we feel at liberty to speak 



of as works which bear the marks of skill and re- 

 search, and are fitted to give a tolerably accurate 

 idea of the subject of which they treat. 



In Italy the spirit of enquiry was not equally active. 

 A synopsis of the plants growing spontaneously in 

 the Roman territory was, indeed, published about the 

 beginning of this period, by Liberatus Sabbati. A 

 short Prodromus of the general flora of Italy was 

 likewise given to the world in the year 1780, by An- 

 tonius Turra. And about the same time, Piedmont 

 in particular, was most ably surveyed by Charles Al- 

 lioni, professor of botany at Turin, as will be evident 

 to any one who examines his Flora Pedomontana, a 

 work of much labour and accuracy, which he pub- 

 lished in 1785, in 3 vols. fol. ; and afterwards enrich- 

 ed with a valuable supplement. In 1792 Lud. Bel- 

 lardi published a valuable work on the same subject, 

 entitled, Appendix ad Floram Pedomontanam. A 

 good deal ofattention was likewise paid to the plant", 

 growing in the country north of the Po, by Scopoli, 

 who, in 1786 and 1788, communicated to the public 

 the fruit of his researches, in a miscellaneous work 

 entitled, Delicue Florie et Faunce Insitbricce ; and 

 the plants in the kingdom of Naples have been descri- 

 bed by Cyrilli in his Plantantm rariornm regni Nea- 

 politan! Fascic. 1. and 2. Neop. 1788, 1792. In gene- 

 ral, however, this fine country, but especially the 

 southern provinces of it, have by no means received 

 that degree of notice which they merit. The vale 

 of Enna, the forests of Apulia, the romantic scenes 

 of Calabria, and the warm shore of the Tarcentine 

 bay, contain a rich harvest for future naturalists, and 

 will no doubt grace the Flora of Italy with many 

 new species. 



With respect to France, much had been done to- In France- 

 wards ascertaining its indigenous plants, before the 

 period of which we are treating, by Tournefort, 

 Vaillant, Lindern, Fabregou, and others. The task 

 of doing justice to the subject, by preparing and pub- 

 lishing a Flora of that country on a comprehensive 

 scale, and in a style of execution worthy of its im- 

 portance, was, however, reserved for the skill and 

 assiduity of more recent botanists. Of these, the first 

 in the order of time was Peter Joseph Buchodz, a phy- 

 sician and advocate of the province of Lorrain, who 

 in the years 1770 and 1771, published a work in ! 

 Svo. vols. entitled Dictionaire Raisonnc- Universel 

 des Plantes, Arbres, et des Arbustes de France. Se- 

 ven years afterwards, John Baptist de Lamarck, a 

 member of the National Institute, but originally an 

 officer in the army, who has since earned much fame 

 as a botanist, by his detached essays, as well as by 

 writing the botanical part in the Encyclopedic Me- 

 ihodique, and his Illustrations of the genera, produ- 

 ced another on the same principle, in 3 vols. 8vo., 

 entitled Flora Fraiifaise, on description siiccincte dc 

 touteslesplantes,quicroissentnalurellemcnt en France. 

 The third edition of this work was published by La- 

 marck and Decandolle in 1805, in 4 vols Svo. In 

 1784, Bulliard, late demonstrator of botany at Paris, 

 began to publish the Herbier de la France, which, 

 in the course of some few years afterwards, he com- 

 pleted in 4 vols. fol. ; a work at once elaborate and 

 splendid, being enriched with many well executed 

 and neatly coloured plates, and containing, among 



