BOTANY. 



37 



Termino. term is confined to those parts which nourish and 



keep the plant firm. T\j. 18. Plate Ixvi. 

 "^ v ~" 1. Rhi/.uma (rlihnma), the thick part of n bii-n- 



nial or perennial root. A, Fig. 18. Plate Ixvi. 



2. Radicles (radiculce), the hair-like absorbent ves- 

 sels of the root.-;. H, Fig. 18. Plate Ixvi. 



3. Fibrill.t- (Jibrilliv), the thread-like processes of 

 the roots. C, Fig. lb'. Plate Ixvi. 



1. Tuber (tuber), the fk-shy part of the root, 

 which produces parts similar to itself, and then dies. 

 Fig. 21. Plate Ixvi. 



5. Bulb (bulbus), a fleshy coated mass attached to 

 small radicles. Fig. 20, '22, '24-. Plate Ixvi. 



0'. Shouts (xobulcx), a horizontal prolongation of 

 the roots producing new parts. 



Roots are divided by botanists into classes, the 

 distinctions of which are founded on the above parts. 



The root is also characterised in the following 

 manner : 



7. Woody (lignosa). Fig. 18, 36. PL Ixvi. 



8. Fleshy (i-ariionu). Daiicus carolii. Fig. 29. 

 Pl.-'.te Ixvi. 



9. Spindle-shaped (ftisiformis). Daucus carola. 

 Fig. 29. Plate Ixvi. 



10. Bitten (pramorsa). Fig. 19. Plate Ixvi. 



11. Contorted (contorta). Fig. 37. Plate Ixvi. 



12. F!;it (p'accntiformis). Cyelamen Eiiropamm. 



13. Jointed (gentctilata). Graliola nffii-inalix. 

 14-. Scaly (stjttamosu). Lathrcea squainuria. Fig. 



26. Plate Ixvi. 



15. Toothed (dentala). Ophrys corallorhiza. 



16. Tufted (comosa), having hairy tufts at the 

 puiiit. JEthusa meum. 



17. Manyheaded (iiiitllicepx), divided into many 

 branches, from which shoots spring. Astragalus ura- 

 leuif, 



IS. .'Jimple (simples), without branches. Fig. 20. 



1M 1 



'late Ixvi. 



19. Branching (rowosrt). Figs. 18. 34. Plate Ixvi. 



20. Perpendicular (ptrpendicularis). Fig. 29. 

 Plate Ixvi. 



21. Horizontal (horizontalis). Fig. 28. Plate Ixvi. 



22. Creeping (repens), horizontal, with side 

 branches. Fig. 38. Plate Ixvi. 



2:!. Knobbed (tuberculata). Bunium bnllwcaxtanum. 

 21. S-arr.'! (cit\>'rixa! i). J'tt'i/nodnim vulgare. 

 2.3. Chaffy (paleacea), illustrated iii many of the 

 111; 



2>. Fibrous (fibrosa). Fig. 33. Plate Ixvi. 



27. Capillary (capillaru). Sciruus annularis. 

 Fig. 32. Piau- Ixvi. 



28. Velvety (veliilina). Muscusfrondosus. 



29. Cleft (/iss/i). I'i'/tiilc/i caniiui. 



30. Knotty (,iotl>:sa). FI,;. 37. Plate Ixvi. 



31. Granulated (gratutlata). Saxtfraga gravtiiata. 



32. Testiculateil (testiciilitia). Orc/ii/lex. Ft '. 2,3. 

 Plate h: 



33. Pal.Ti.ued ( pa!m ;/), knobs divided at the point 

 hanging down, fvc i\. F g. 25. Plate Ixvi. 



31. l'''iigvi\d '(/ //), a single knob compressed 

 and il.vul' d. Dioxc- tin alternifolia. 



35. Bundled (faiciculata) li 'in/nciilitx Jlcarlu. 



36. Depending (peitdula). SptraaJ&ipenduia. 

 23. Plate Ixvi. 



37. Articulated (arlicula/a), one knob grow.ng 

 out of another. Fig. 30. Plate Ixvi. 



38. Necklacelike (monilifonnu], Spircea Jili pen- Termino- 

 dltla. Fig. 2!i. Plate Ixvi. 



39. Imbricated (imbrirata f. sqnamnsit}. Fig. 27. "" ~^~" 

 Plate Ixvi. 



Iii. Coated (lunicala). All him cc.pa. Fig. 20. 

 Plate Ixvi. 



41. Nestling (mduliin*), when small bulbs, of 

 which the whole bulb id composed, appear under the 

 external membrane. 



42. Aggregated [aggregata s. composita), when 

 several bulbs are conjoined at their bases. 



43. Twofold (genii nata). FritHIaria pyrenuica. 



44. Doubled (dupticata), when one bulb stands 

 over and grows out of another. 



45. Supported (xitffiilta), when the root stands 

 at a distance from the bulb, and is distinctly separated 

 from it. Ixia punicea. 



46. Divided (divisa), that branches out of the 

 earth. Fuciis dtgitatut. 



47. Byssuslike (byttacea), having a woolly ap- 

 pearance. 



48. Shieldlike (tcutiformis). Lichcnjloridns. 



49. Fading (evanetcens), when the root insinuates 

 itself into and is lost in wood, as in the Viscum album. 



AHT. V. INTERMKDIATE STEM. Intermediate | n t erme . 

 stem (candex i/UermciJius), that part which belongs diate stem, 

 neither to the root nor stem, and is peculiar to some 

 plants. 



1. Root-shaped (radicijbrmii), that has the ap- 

 pearance of a tuberous root, but only partially con- 

 cealed by the earth. 



2. Turnip-shaped (napiformis). Brasstca olera- 

 ceu gongylodes. 



3. Bulbous (bulbosiui}. Ranunculus bulboxiut. 



4. Stem-like (cauliformis). Liiium biMifcrtim ; 



,, . V 



Cyclamen LiiropiKiiin. 



AUT. VI. AscENDINO STEM. Ascending stem Ascending 

 (caudex ascendetu), that part above the soil. stem. 



1. Stock (cormitx), supports the whole. 



Stem (ctiudejc), simple perennial rod. As in 

 palms and filices. 



2. Trunk ((mucus), peculiar to trees and shrubs; 



a Tree-like (ario/-tws). 

 4 Shrubby ( /rutirositt). 



3. Stalk (cault.t), Itci'oaceous, sometimes woody 

 properly confined to herbaceous plants. Fig. 39, 40- 

 Plate Ixvi. 



a. With, respect to the branches. 



1. Distichous ((lixticrtiis), when the opposite 

 branches sta.id on the same plane. 



2. Brachiate (bruchialus), when opposite angles 

 stand at right augioj to each other. 



3. Panicled (patlicttlatvf), when a stem is divided 



at the point i.tto :n;mv kaves and flowering branches. . 

 Ilu>r,e.c aci'tosdla. 



4. F.i.ti jiate ( / ii.il igiat us), when tlxe branches are 

 of such diUerent len^tiu as to be of the same height. 



5. Compact (cotirctus). where the tips of the 

 brain-.. lent i. .wards to the stem. 



6. Srtatl'ijr (ji'itens), wlun the branches are 

 nearly at right angles to the stem. 



7. Diverging (3>CTgw), when the -a. ci- s .irm 

 a ri-ht angle. 



8. D: aricat <! (dir ' icatu\], whe e t :e branches 

 form an ubtuse ^lc ill thj aupenor part of the 

 siem. 



