B O T A N Y. 



Trrmino- and at other times the petals form a tube at the base. 



lgy- / Papilionaceous (.papitioiMcea). When four petals dif- 



j . m> fering in figure stand together, as in Pisum sativum. 



Fig. 30. Plate Ixix. The following are the parts. 



1. Standard (vexillum). The uppermost and largest 

 petal, which is commonly the largest. Fig. 30. 

 Plate Ixix. 



2. Wings (aim). The petals that stand under the 

 vexillum. Fig. 30. Plate Ixix. 



3. Keel (farina). The lowest petal, which stands un- 

 der the vexillum, and contains the germen, the sta- 

 mens, and pistils. Fig. 30. Plate Ixix. 



g. Orchideous (Orcftidea). When composed of five pe- 

 tals, of which the undermost is long and sometimes 

 cleft; the remaining four are bent towards each 

 other. 



Petal. AHT - LXIII. PETAL (pctalum). A single divi- 



sion of the corolla. When plane, the upper part is 

 called lamina, and the under part ungiiis. Fig. 28. 

 Plate Ixix. 



The following are the particular parts of the mo- 

 nopetalous corolla. 



1. Tube (tubas}. When the under part is hol- 

 low and equally thick. Fig. 28. Plate Ixix. 



2. Border (limbus). The opening of the corol- 

 la, especially when bent back. Fig. 27. Plate Ixix. 



3. Lobes (lacinicc, lobi), are described accord- 



ing to their figure, number, and other circumstances. 



4. Helmet (galea). The upper arched lobe of a 

 ringent or masked corolla. , 



5. Gape (rictus). The space, in ringent flowers, 

 between the helmet and the under lip. 



6. Throat (faux). The opening of the tube in a 

 ringent corolla. 



7. Palate (palatum). The arch of the under lip 

 in a personate corolla, so elevated as to close the 

 faux. 



8. Beard (barba, labellum). The under lip of a rin- 

 gent or personate corolla. 



9. Lips (labia). Are the divisions of a labiate 

 corolla. The galea and barba are so called by some 

 botanists. 



10. The corolla of mosses differs in appearance from 

 that of other plants. It is confined to the female 

 moss, and remains attached until the ripening of the 

 fruit, when it assumes an entirely different appear- 

 ance. The under part is called the vaginula, and the 



upper the calyptre, (calyptra.) 



Nectary. ART. LXIV. NECTARY (nectarium). Every body 

 on a flower which does not resemble any other parts. 

 They are of three kinds; 1. Those that secrete ho- 

 ney. 2. Those that receive it. 3. Those that pro- 

 tect the various parts of the plant. 



1. Those that do secrete honey are glands (glandu- 

 Ar), scales (squamce nectariferce), and pores (pori 

 nectariferi.) 



2. Those that receive and preserve the honey are 

 numerous. 



a. Hood (cucullus), a hollow bag separated from every 

 other part of the flower, as in Aconitvm. 



b. Tube (tubus). A cylindrical body constantly attached Termino- 



to the flower, as in Pelargonium. '"!??' 



e. Pit (Jbvca). A cavity in any part of the flower. ' tf**** 



d. Fold (plica). An oblong groove formed by the bend- 

 ing inwards of the corolla. 



e. Spur (calcar). A horn-shaped production of the co- 

 rolla, containing honey, as in Viola odorata. Fig. 30. 

 Plate Ixix. 



3. Those that protect the various parts of the 

 plant are as follow : 



a. Arch (foraix). The small elongation of the corolla, 

 which commonly covers the stamens, or is seated at 

 the aperture of the corolla. 



b. Beard (barba). A number of short hairs situated at 

 the bottom of the flowers, on the petals, or at the open- 

 ing of the calyx or corolla. 



c. Thread (Jilum). A thick tender body found at the bot- 

 tom of the flower. Passiflura Periploca. 



d. Cylinder (cylindrus). A thin body that surrounds the 

 pistil, and supports the stamens, as in Swietenta. 



e. Crown (corona). A very variable body, generally re- 

 sembling the corolla. * 



ART. LXV. STAMENS (stamina). Are bo- Seamen?, 

 dies composed of different parts, which contain the 

 dust or pollen essential for fructification. From Fig. 

 122. Plate Ixx. 



1. Filament (Jilamentum). A long body that sup- 

 ports the anther, b, Fig. 24, 50. Plate Ixix. 



2. Anther (anthera). A cellular body that con- 

 tains the pollen, a, Fig. 24. Plate Ixix. Fig. 24. 

 Plate Ixix. 



3. Pollen (pollen). A very fine dust contained in 

 the anther. 



ART. LXVI. PISTIL (pistilluin). Stands in the Pistil, 

 middle of the stamens, and is also essential to fructi- 

 fication, c Fig. 24. Plate Ixix. From Fig. 23 to 60. 

 Plate Ixx. 



1. Germen (germen). The lowest part of the pis- 

 til, and the rudiment of the fruit, d, Fig. 24, 25. 

 Plate Ixix. 



2. Style (stylus). Is a small stalk seated upon the 

 germen. f Fig. 24. Plate Ixix. 



3. Stigma (stigma). The top of the style, e Fig. 

 23. Plate Ixix. J 



ART. LXVII. FRUIT (fructus). Succeeds the Fruit 

 flowering, and is of various kinds. || 



1. Seeds (semen). See Sect. II. Art. 1. Fig. 1. 

 Plate Ix. 



2. Pericarp (pericarpiiim). Fig. 71. Plate Ixx. 



a. Bladder (utricvlus). A thin skin that contains a sin- 

 gle seed ; as in the Adonis, Thalictrum, Galitim, and 

 Amarcmthus. The seed is connected by the umbilical 

 cord. 



i. Winged fruit (samara). A pericarp which contains 

 one or two seeds, and is either partially or completely 

 surrounded by a thin, transparent membrane. Ex- 

 amples of it are Uimut, Acer, Fraxinus, Setula, Fig. 

 7a Plate Ixx. 



c. Follicle (foUiculus). An oblong pericarp filled with 

 seeds, and bursts longitudinally on one side. It is 

 usually double. Fig. 73. Plate Ixx. 



d. Capsule (capstila). A pericarp consisting of a thin 



* In some plants there are small cartilaginous bodies, which are called tubercles (tuocrcula), and appear to be dried up 

 glands. The nectaries of grasses are only distinguished from the glumes by extraordinary fineness. There appear to be no 

 nectaries in mosses. 



f When there is a style to each germen, it ought to be noted. 



t The pistil of mosses is furnished with all the parts of pistils of other plants. Some, however, are barren. The filices 

 and fungi have no style. 



|| All vegetables have been divided into two great classes 1. Ve^etnUUa gymnospermia. 2. Vegetabitia angiotptrmia. In 

 the first the germen changes into naked seeds ; in the second the seeds have an envelope. 



