BOTANY. 



>fica- 7. HEPTANDRIA. Stam. 7. Ex. Trienlalis, Li- 

 -'.-/, ban ruriis, Sepias. Plate Ixxii. A very 

 small class. 



8. OCTANDUIA. Stam. 8. Ex. Vaccunmn, Gale- 

 nia, Cardiospermum, Erica. Plate Ixxii. 



9. ENNEANDRIA. Stam. 9. Ex. Laiirus, Rheum, 

 Butomiis. Plate Ixxii. A very small class. 



10. DECANDRIA. Stam. 10. Ex. Ruta, Hydran- 

 gea, Stellaria, Lychnis, Dianthits. Plate Ixxiii. 



11. DODECANDRIA. Stam. 12 to 19. Ex. Asa- 

 rum, Agrimonia, Reseda, Aponogelon, Glimis, Sem- 

 pcrrivum. 



Tlie twelfth and thirteenth classes consist of plants 

 bearing flowers that contain stamens unconnected 

 with each other, but which are distinguished by their 

 mode of attachment. Thus they stand ; 



. 12. ICOSANDRIA. Stamens 20 or more, inserted 

 into the calyx, out of the sides of which they grow, 

 commonly forming a kind of ring, as in the straw- 

 berry, Fragaria vesca. This is truly a natural class. 

 The insertion of the stamens into the calyx is a cer- 

 tain proof that the fruit produced by the flower con- 

 taining them is good and wholesome, whether it 

 belong to this particular class or not. Ex. Cactus, 

 Cratoegus, Pyrus, Rosa. Plate Ixxiii. 



13. POLYANDRIA. Stamens numerous, inserted in- 

 to the receptacle, or base of the flower. Ex. Papa- 

 ver, Pceonia, Delphinium, Cimicifiiga, Aquilegia, 

 Trol/h/s, Argemone. Plate Ixxiii. 



The fourteenth and fifteenth classes are distinguish- 

 ed by the number and the relative lengths of the 

 stamens. 



14. DIDYNAMIA. Stamens 4, of which two are 

 long and two short. This is a natural class-, and con- 

 tains most of the labiate, ringtnt, and personate flow- 

 ers. Ex. Glechoma, Galeopsis. PI. Ixxiii. No. 1 and 2. 



15. TETKADYNAMIA. Stamens 6, of which four 

 are long and two short. This is also a natural class, 

 which contains all the cruciform flowers. Ex. Coch- 

 learia, Cardamine. Plate Ixxiv. 



The three next classes have their characters found- 

 ed on the connexion between the stamens. 



16. MONADELPHIA. Stamens united by their fila- 

 ments into one tube. Ex. Galaxia, Melochia, Aito- 

 ma, Pelargonium, Geranium, Broivnea, Pentapetes, 

 Malva. Plate Ixxv. 



17- DIADELPHIA. Stamens united into two bun- 

 dles, occasionally united at their bases. This class is 

 natural, and consists of papilionaceous flowers. Ex. 

 Monnieria, Fumaria, Polygala, Sparlium. PI. Ixxv. 



18. POLYADELPHIA. Stamens united into many 

 bundles. This is a very small class, and is closely 

 allied to ICOSANDRIA. Ex. Theobroma, Abroma, 

 Citrus, Hypericum. Plate Ixxiv. 



The nineteenth and twentieth classes are also dis- 

 tinguished by the union of the stamens, though this 

 is effected by means different from those employed in 

 the three preceding classes, as we shall now discover. 



19. SYNGENESIA. Stamens united by their anthers 

 into a tube very seldom. They are also connected by 

 their filaments. The flowers are compound, (Part I. 

 Sect. ii. Art. 59.) and form a natural and numerous 

 class. Ex. Scorzonera, Tuxsilago, Coreopsis, Ca- 

 lendula, Gunddid. Plate Ixxiv. 



20. GYNANDRIA. The stamens grow out of, or 

 are united with, the pistil, either in the style or the 

 germen. Ex. Orchis, Cypripedium, Solaria, Aris- 

 tolochia, Arum, Plate Ixxiv. 



The three next classes are characterised by the re- 

 lations which the male and female flowers bear to 

 each other. 



21. MoNfficiA. The stamens do not grow in the 

 same flower with the pistils, but both kinds of flow- 

 ers are to be found on the same plant, as is; indicated 

 by the name. Ex. Artocarpus, (Plate Ixxvi.) Lem- 

 na, Typha, Urtica, Betula, (Plate Ixxiv.) Amaran- 

 tlrus, Zi~ania, Guettarda, Qucrcus, Pinus, Bryonia, 

 Andrachne. 



22. DICECIA. Stamens and pistils are not only in 

 separate flowers, but also in separate plants. Ex. 

 Pandanus, Fallisneria, Empetrum, Mijrica, Humidus, 

 Tamils, Popidus, Mercurialix, Carica, Datisca, Rott- 

 lera, Cliffbrlia, Juniperus, Ruscus, Chiytia. PI. Ixxiv. 



23. POLYGAMIA. This class exhibits a considera- 

 ble variety of character. Sometimes the stamens and 

 pistils are in the same flowers, sometimes in different 

 flowers in the same plant, and sometimes in flowers 

 in different plants. Ex. Atriplcx, Fraxinus, Ficus. 

 Plate Ixxv. 



The twenty-fourth class is the last of Linnssus's 

 artificial system. 



24. CRYPTOGAMIA. Neither stamens nor pistils 

 are distinctly visible. Ex. Asplenium, Bryum, Fu- 

 ciis, Agaricus. Plate Ixxv. To this class Linnaeus 

 referred the natural order of palms, which are now . 

 found referable to the sixth, twenty-first, or twenty- 

 second classes. 



See the General Explanation of the PLATES at the 

 end of the volume. 



SECT. II. Orders. 



The characters of the Orders of the thirteen first 

 Classes of the Linnaean System, are founded on the 

 number of the pistils (Part I. Sect. ii. Art. 66.) 



1. MONOGYNIA Pistil 1. 



2. DIGYNIA - - 2. 



3. TRIGYNIA 3. 



4. TETRAGYNIA - - 4. 



5. PENTAGYNIA - - 5. 



6. HEXAGYNIA - - (i. 

 Very rare. 



7. HEPTAGYNIA 7. 

 Still more rare than the preceding. 



8. OCTAGYNIA - 8. 

 Very rare. 



9. ENNEAGYNIA 9. 



Dr Smith states, that there is scarcely any known 

 instance of this order. 



10. DECAGYNIA - - 10. 



1 1. DODECAGYNIA, about 12. 



12. POLYGYNIA - - Many. 



The characters of the two orders of the four- 

 teenth Class, are taken from the fruit. 



1. GYMNOSPERMIA. Having naked seeds, the 

 number almost always four. Plate Ixxiii. No. 1. 



2. ANGIOSPERMIA. Numerous seeds in a capsule. 

 Plate Ixxiii. No. 2. 



The two orders of the fifteenth Class are also dis- 

 tinguished by the fruit. 



1. SILICULOSA. Fruit contained in a round pod, 

 or pouch. Plate Ixxiii. 



2. SILIQUO|A. Fruit contained in a long pod. 

 Cardamine. Plate Ixxiv. 



The orders o the sixteenth, seventeenth, and 

 eighteenth Classes, are the number of the stamens. 



6 



