B O T A N Y. 



The orders of the nineteenth Class are known by 

 the interblending of the male, female, and hernia- 



' phroditi- flowers and floras. 



1. POLVUAMIA JEWUALIS. Having perfect herma- 



: to florets. 



I. Pojun IMIA 81 PTSRPLUA. Florets of the disc 

 having sumens and pistil, those ot the radius hav- 

 ing (inly a pistil, but the pods of all are perfeet. 



:i. 1'iiLYi.AMiA KUIMNV \. The florets of the 

 disc in this order are hermaphrodite, as in the pre- 

 ceding "no : those of the radius either have an abor- 

 tiv ji'stil, or none at all. 



4. P;>LY<iAMiA NEfKssAHiA. The male flowers in 

 the di<c, and the female ones in the radius. 



.">. I'OI.YOAMIA stoitEGATA. WJicre several flow- 

 ers having united anthers, with a proper calyx, are 

 included in one common cal) x. They may be cither 

 simple or compound. 



(j. MOXOGAMIA. When simple flowers have unit- 

 ed anthers. 



Dr Smith has abolished this order entirely ; but as 

 it occurs in the works of Linnxus, we deem it right 

 to introduce it in our account of the Linnsean System. 



The orders of the twentieth, twenty-first, and 

 twenty-second Classes, are founded on the number of 

 the stamens. Of this we shall give some further ac- 

 count in a summary of the whole system. 



The orders of the twenty -third Class are founded 

 on the same characters that distinguish some of the 

 preceding classes. 



1. MONCECIA. " Has flowers with stamens and 

 pistils on the same plant ; with others, they have only 

 pistils, or only stamens, or perhaps all these three 

 kinds of blossoms occur ; but whatever the different 

 kinds may be, they are confined to one plant." 



2. DKECIA. " Has the two or three kinds of 

 flowers on two separate plants." 



3. TRICECIA. " Has them on three separate 

 plants, of which the fig is the only real example ; 

 and in that the structure of the flowers is alike in 

 all." 



The orders of the twenty-fourth Class are natural. 

 Linnaeus only constituted four ; to this, another is 

 now added. 



1. FILICES, or FEHNS. The leaves of this order 

 have the fructification disposed occasionally on their 

 backs, occasionally on their summits, and sometimes 

 near the roots. Ex. Equifetum, Polypodiiim, Asple- 

 nium. Plate Ixxv. 



2. Musci. Mosses. Are known by having sepa- 

 rate leaves and a ca/tiptra (Part I. Sect. ii. Art. 67.) 

 which bears the style ; this cali/ptra often is cover- 

 ed by a lid. (Opcrculmn, Part I. Sect. ii. Art. 6'7.) 

 Ex. Bruum. Hypnum. Mutant. Plate Ixxv. 



3. * HEi'ATii f.. Lirt rmorts. This order has the 

 frond, that is to say, the leaf and stem united, the 

 capsules of which open by several valves through 

 where the pollen is thrown. Ex. Jungermannia, 

 Bias/a, Riccia. 



4. ALI.M. Flags. The herb of this order is also 

 a frond, of a pulverulent or filamentous nature, hav- 

 ing dry and fibrous branches. The fructification is 

 either imbedded in the disk or in the substance. Ex. 

 Lichen, Fucus, Ulva, Conferva, Plate Ixxv. 



5. Fcxoi. Mushrooms. Tlii-i order consists of Clailici- 

 those vegetables which have no leaves, and are com- 

 S P'"W or coriaceous substance. 

 'I'lio sc; d ot these pLints consists of roundish globules 

 full of small grains ; and they are sometimes found in 

 the exterior, and sometimes in the interior of the 

 plant. Ex. Agaricus, P/inltiix, Lycopcrdon. PI. Ixxv. 



SECT. III. General View of Classification. 



Having exhibited the Classes and Orders of ihe General 

 Linnjean system, in a detached and separate sketch ; view of 

 we shill now proceed to give a compendious sketch of L'lassifica- 

 both, according to their several relations, and our tlon * 

 object will be best answered by a tabular view. 



Class I. MONANDRIA. Orders. 1. MONOGYNIA. 

 Foreign Naturdll Containing Scilaminece, so well 



Order. J described by Mr Roscoe. 



British Examples, Salicomia. Hippuris. 



2. DlGYNIA. 



Foreign Example, Blitum. Plate Ixxii. 



Class II. DIANDRIA. 

 Foreign Example, 

 British, 



British Example, 



Orders. 1. MoxoGYNIA. 

 JusminicK. 

 Veronica. 



2. DlGYNlA. 



Anthojcantlium. 



3. TniGYNiA. 

 Foreign Example, Piper. 



Class III. THIANDRIA. Orders. 1. MOVOGYNIA.. 

 British Example, Valeriana, Iris, &c. 



2. DlGYNIA. 



British Example, Grnmincce. 



3. TRIGYNIA. 

 British Example, Eriocaulon. 



Class IV. TETKANDRIA. Orders. 1. MONOGYNIA. 

 Foreign Example, Proteacece. 



British Example, Plantago. 



2. DK.YMA. 

 British Example, Cu.tcuta. 



3. TRIGYNIA. 

 Foreign Example, Boscia. 



4. TETHAGYNIA. 

 British Example, Potaniogelon. 



Class V. PENTANDRIA. Orders. 1. MOXOGYNIA, 

 British Examples, Primula. Cyclamen. 



Lysimac/iia. Campanula. 

 Plate Ixxii. 



2. DlGYNIA. 



British Examples, Chenopodium. Genti- 



nna. 



N. B. The remainder of this Order is chiefly com- 

 posed of the umbelliferous plants. 



3. TRIOYNIA. 

 British Example, Sambucus. 



4e. TETRAGYNIA. 

 British Example, Parnassia. 



5. PENTAGYNIA. 

 Foreign Example, Arnlia. 



6. DECAGYNIA. 

 Foreign Example, Schefflera. 



7. PoLYGYNIA. 



It is proper to observe, that Linnaeus established four orders of the class Cryptogamia } to these modern botanists have 

 adJeU the'Hfpatica, which formerly constituted a purt of the order 







