B H A 



10?) 



B R A 



valualjle parts of Rnndenburg, Bold the remainder 

 forthr p'-ice of l(y),(X)0 dnots, to I 



ric, Count i>f Zollern, and but-grave of Nuremberg, 

 an able pnrce, who had established the weak 

 miind "ii tin- imperial throne, and supji' rti-d \\'.m 

 ':>ur, his prudence, and his treasures. 

 This Frederic is the ancestor of the present royal 

 family of Prussia. The princes of this house soon 

 recovered the alienated territories of Brandenburg, 

 and enlarged them by the gradual accessions of Ho- 

 ,1, Prussia, Silesia, the duchy of Magdeburg, 

 th principality of Halberstadt, the duchy of Clcves, 

 the countries of Miuden, Marck, Ravcr.sberg, Lingen, 

 Meurs, Ostfrisia, Neufchatel. Glatz, part of Lusatia, 

 and of the palatinates of Posnauia and Uladislaw. 

 These were the component parts of the Prussian 

 moil irchy, which, under the illustrious Frederic II., 

 performed so brilliant a part in the transactions of 

 Europe. The glory of this kingdom, however, was 

 but short-lived ; and the failure of the Prussian arms 

 in France and Poland during the reign of his nephew, 

 soon convinced the world, that the machine owed all 

 its energy to the great Frederic's mighty and anima- 

 ting soul. See PRUSSIA. 



The king of Prussia, as elector of Brandenburg, 

 possesses the seventh place among the electors of the 

 empire j and has five voices in the college of prin- 

 ces at the diet of the empire, independently of his 

 voice in the electoral college. As arch-chamberlain, 

 he carries the sceptre before the emperor at his co- 

 ronation, and brings him water in a silver bason. 

 He enjoys, likewise, the right of levying customs, in 

 virtue of a particular privilege granted by the empe- 

 ror Frederic III. in 1456, by which that emperor 

 assigns to the electors of Brandenburg, an unlimit- 

 ed power of raising and establishing customs and 

 tolls. 



The states of Brandenburg consist of the nobility 

 and towns, who assemble at Berlin, and who still re- 

 tain some shadow of their ancient privileges. The 

 hereditary officers of the marquisate are a marshal, 

 Chamberlain, cup-bearer, purveyor, sewer, treasurer, 

 and ranger. 



inhabitants iu general follow the Lutheran 

 religion, but the religion of the coast is Calvinism. 

 There are likewise a considerable number of Roman 

 Catholics i and all enjoy the most perfect liberty of 

 conscience. Population 755,577- See Memoires dc 

 la Nation de Brmtdeltnurg ; Busching's Geograjtlii/ ; 

 and Peuchet's Diclionnuire, &c. (k) 



BRANDENBURG, an ancient city in Germany, 

 and formerly the capital of the marquisate to which 

 k gives name. It is situated in the Middle Mark, 

 upon the banks of the Havel, which divide* the old 

 town from the r.ew, and is here large enough to 

 be navigated by b -ats ot considerable size, which 

 ply hither from the Elbe by means of the canal of 

 Planen. The streets of the new town are straight 

 and beautiful. The principal curiosities and public 

 buildings are, the House of Invalids, the barracks, 

 the bridge over the Havel, the church of St Cathe- 

 rine, remarkable for its antiquity, its library, and its 

 baptismal founts ; the cathedral at Bug-Branden- 

 burg, and the pictures of Lucas Kranach ; the col- 

 lege of the nobles, and the antiquities of the clois- 



roL. iv. FART II. 



ter. Th: town r:m:<-s on a ennsr,!-Tj|il.' err 

 both 1 y land and by water : :im! it t> 



' from the li'li'iy on tin- ll.ivrl .iivlt!' 

 :tiv;in and lakes by which it is surrounded. A 



.< of the in procure r 



eiu-e by the culture of hrps, with which they brew 

 an excellent beer, which is in great request not only 

 in the town, but in the neighbourhood. There is 

 =; a colony of French refugees in this town, 

 who have established manufactures of woollen cloths 

 hair cloths, serges, stockings, canvas, linen cloth?, 

 fustians, &c. Brandenburg was erected by the em- 

 peror Otho I. into an episcopal see under the jurisdic- 

 tion of the metropolitan of Magdeburg. This see 

 was abolished, however, at the Reformation in 1563. 

 The chapter, which has been since secularized, and 

 which still subsists, is composed of a Lutheran pro- 

 vost, deans senior, sub-senior, and three other canons. 

 The members of this chapter are distinguished by a 

 cross of gold, enamelled with violet, and terminating 

 in eight points ; an honour conferred by Frederic II. 

 In a fort, which is separated from the town by the 

 Havel, there is a cathedral church, with residences 

 for the members of the cathedral ; and a riding school 

 for the instruction of young noblemen. The muni- 

 cipal revenues of this town amount to about 60,000 

 rix dollars. Population about 1200. See Rcichard's 

 Guide dcs Voyagewrs, v. 2. p. 811. (k\ 



BRANDON, a market town of England in Suf- 

 folk, situated on the banks of the lesser Ouse, which 

 is crossed by an ancient bridge, on which there was a 

 hermitage in 1406, belonging to the bishop of Ely. 

 It carries on a considerable trade in corn, malt, tim- 

 ber, iron, bricks, &c. which is much facilitated by 

 the river being navigable from Lynn to Thetford. 

 There are very extensive rabbit warrens in the vici- 

 nity of the town. Number of houses in 1801, '203. 

 Population 1148, of whom 10,t8 were employed in 

 trade and manufactures, (j) 



BRANDY, a spirituous liquor produced by the 

 distillation of wines, is prepared in most of the wine 

 countries of Europe. The principal manufactures 

 of this spirit are in France, particularly in Langue- 

 doc and Anjou, from whence comes the well known 

 Cogni.ic brandy. The apparatus for the distillation 

 of brandy is extremely simple, and is composed of 

 three parts : the alembic, a cylindrical copper boiler 

 for containing the fermented wine-), is enclosed in 

 brick-work in the usual manner of fixed boilers, and 

 furnished with a proper fire place, with a flue and 

 dampers. It is about '2S inches in height, and '23 in 

 diameter, and holds nearly 320 quarts. It is flatten- 

 ed at the bottom to present a larger surface to the 

 fuel, and is drawn out into a neck about '2 inches high 

 and 9 in diameter. To this neck is fitted the capital, 

 which receives the spirituous vapour. It has the 

 form of a flattened cone with the apex downward, 

 and is about 17 inches wide at the base. It is truncat- 

 ed at the place wiiere it joins the alembic, and where 

 it has also a projecting tube of 1$ inch in diameter, 

 which conveys the vapour into the worm. This is a 

 convoluted pipe immersed in a large tub of water to 

 condense the vapour, and makes six or seven turns 

 before it reaches the bottom. The diameter of this 

 pipe gradually lessens from where it joina the capital 

 3r 



Brand y. 



