460 



BREWING. 



Brewint;. 



Descrip- 

 tion lit :1 

 I.oncK'a 

 brewery. 

 PLATK 

 LXXVil. 



bunged up to prevent it from growing flat; and if 

 every thing lias been successful, the beer requires no- 

 thing but age to fine itself, and be fit for the table. 

 In large breweries, the store of beer is not kept in 

 the smull casks, but in immense casks called the store 

 vats, into which it is put from the rounds, as soon as 

 the working ceases. When sufficient time cannot be 

 allowed for the beer to fine itself, (that is, to deposit 

 the mucilage which is- suspended in it, and which 

 gives it the appearance of clouds of lighter and dark- 

 er colours,) a preparation of isinglass and sour beer, 

 called finings, is employed to precipitate the clouds, 

 and render it transparent ; a quality which is deemed 

 a great recommendation, a? is also a fine colour, 

 which, in some liquors, is produced by colouring. It 

 frequently happens, that the beer does not turn out 

 good, from acidity, flatness, &c. ; andmany methods 

 are employed for improving it, by adding various che- 

 mical preparations. This was formerly reckoned the 

 most valuable branch of the art, and innumerable nos- 

 trums were considered by their possessors as invalu- 

 able secrets ; but of late the introduction of the ther- 

 mom ter, in the operations of the brewery, has shewn, 

 that more is to be obtained by conducting the previ- 

 ous processes in a proper mariner, than by trusting 

 to remedies, for the errors arising from inaccuracy in 

 the heats of the different liquors, or from inattention 

 to the circumstances of the weather, &c. 



Having thus given a brief sketch of the process of 

 brewing ; we shall now proceed to the description of 

 an extensive brewery, many of which are to be seen 

 in the metropolis. 



CHAP. I. 



Description of a London Brewery. 



THE interior of a complete brewery is represented 

 in Plate LXXVIL The dimensions <-f the different 

 vessels which it contains, are taken from the brew- 

 ery of Messrs Brown, Parry and Co., Golden Lane, 

 which having been recently rebuilt, contains most of 

 the new improvements in the utensils employed in 

 this manufacture. We have been compelled, in our 

 Plate, to arrange the various vessel?, &.. . in a different 

 manner from what they are in the brewery itself, 

 where, from many circumstances, such as the form of 

 the premise?, want of sufficient room, &c. the ar- 

 rangement is not quite so uniform as it would have 

 been, if none of these causes had existed at th'e time 

 of its erection. Fig. 1. is a plan of the brewery, and 

 Figs. 2 and 3 arc different elevations of the esta- 

 blishment. The latter are not taken upon any parti- 

 i-ulir line, being chiefly intended to shew the relative 

 kv.-ls of the different vessels. The same letters of re- 

 ference apply to all the figures. A, B represents the 

 two coppeis, each containing 300 barrels, having the 

 fireplaces beneath them ; a, a are their chimneys ; and 

 C,D the two mash tuns, situated exactly over the un- 

 derbacks E and F (Fig. 2). G is the building for 

 a steam engine of 36 horse power; H the boilers of 

 the engine ; b its working beam, and d its fly wheel. 

 On the axis of this is a bevelled cog wheel, giving mo- 

 tion to a vertical shaft e, from which, by means of 

 wheel-work, the power of the engine is distributed 



through the works. At f it works the pumps for Brewi 

 raising water from the well to a cistern over the en- ^ v 

 gine house ; /, m, and n, are three other pumps, for 

 raising tne liquor in different stages of the process. 

 A shaft g drives the four mill-siones r for grinding 

 the malt ; two other.-, at /; (Fig. L) turn the mashing 

 machines, which agitate tin- malt while in the process 

 of mashing: L is a screw for conveying the grist 

 from the mill towards the mash tuns. It is enclosed in 

 a wooden tube, into which the malt drops, and as the 

 screw revolves it pushes the grist along the tube. 

 The screw is formed by tin plates nailed upon a 

 wooden shaft, which is turned by the mill. This shaft 

 conveys the malt to another screw o placed inclined, 

 which elevates the grist into a screwing machine T, 

 through which the ground malt passes; but any 

 grains of malt, which may have escaped the stones 

 without being broken, are separated and delivered be- 

 tween a pair of iron rollers at I, which crushes them, 

 and they fall into a screw v, which also receives the 

 grist that has passed through the screw, and con- 

 ducts all together into the bums, VW, Fig. 2, situa- 

 ted over the mash tuns, where it is kept for use ; and 

 when it is wanted, it is let down into the tuns, by draw- 

 ing a number of shuttles in the bottom of the binns. 



Besides these, there are other movements, which, 

 cannot be wholly shewn in such small figures ; such 

 as at Q, which is a sack-tackle, for drawing up sacks of 

 malt from carts in the street, to the loft in the top of 

 the building. Here the sacks are placed upon a hand- 

 barrow, and wheeled to small trap-doors in the floor, 

 through which the malt is pushed down into the great 

 malt binns S, Fig. 1 and 3, where it is kept till 

 wanted for grinding. It is then filled into sack? again, 

 which are drawn up from the binns by a sack tackle, 

 and wheeled to the hoppers x, Fig. '2, over the mill- 

 stones. Here the malt is shot into a small binn; and a 

 machine^, called Jacob'-': l.addfr, elevates it liito the 

 hopper. This machine is a broad endless strap, with 

 small tinplate buckets sewed upon it. The strap re- 

 volves upon two wheels, one at the bottom, and the 

 other at the top of the lift. The bucki.u till U;^ ni- 

 sei ves with malt in the lowest binn, ai.d throw it 

 into the hopper ; as the mill causes it to rcvo've in 

 the same manner as the chains of buckets employed 

 in some countries to raise ui.ti.-r. 



The hops ure, drawn up from the carts by a tackle 

 at Z in the plan, and deposit! in tliel^i't 1, (Fig.3.) 

 When they an wanted Pi wheeled 



upon a truck along the diffeient lofis. t.. the floor 

 levc-1 with the top of the coppers A. P>, where the 

 bags are cut open, and thrown Li . i'he 



steam engine, as btt.-iv mentioned] rks an eight 

 barrelled pump J", Fig. 1. t ic cold liquor 



pump, which raises the co! (liquor) from 



the well, situated at K, and j.uuips it into an im- 

 mense cistern N, (liquor-back) placed over the 

 steam engine ; to which, indeed, it forms a roof, be- 

 ing 32 feet long, 12 wide, and eight feet in depth. 

 Here the liquor is reserved for use. From the liquor- 

 back 'it is conducted by a pipe, shewn by the black 

 lint 2, 2, 2, Fig. 2, to the coppers A, B, and has sluice 

 cocks to stop or admit it to either at pleasure. In 

 various parts of this pipe are short branches, ending 

 in a screw vessel. To these branches the ends of lea- 



