BREWING. 







Ixviu. 



F> 1 ::J 



.'i:i with large oars ; but the girat scale on which 

 eries in London arc now conducted, renders 

 this method inadmissible, from the number of men it 

 \voi! ; . Mashiog machine ; have therefore 



been generally adopted within th'.- last 20 years, in 

 nil the great breweries. A number of different con- 

 stru ,d seem to answer their pur- 



poses well j but as the greatest number have been 

 erected by Mr Conper, Old Street, London, we have 

 procured u draivii!" of one of his construction. The 

 inash tun and underbade for this machine are wholly 

 formed of cast iron, to avoid the continual and ex- 

 pensive repairs, which wooden vessels of such large 

 dimensions require. The machine in question was 

 erected in 18(X), at Messrs Barclay and Perkin's 

 brewery, Southwark; and the iron tun by Mr .Torta- 

 tliau Dickson, who has a patent for methods of form- 

 ing various large brewing vessels in cast iron. 



Plate LXXVIII. Fig. l.is a plan of the mash tun, 

 and Fig. 2, an elevation of it ; shewing also the under- 

 b;;ck beneath it ; one half of the r.iash tun being re- 

 presented in section, to shew the machine within it. 

 A A, Fig. '2, is the level of the stage or floor in which 

 the mash tun is placed. BBBB is the tun, formed of 

 a |. umber of panne!:; of cast iron plates screwed to- 

 gether. The deposition of these in the bottom is shewn 

 IK- plans in Fig. 1 . Thetnnis supported upon S cast 

 iron columns DD, which arc united at the upper ends 

 by an iron framing E, which confines them in a Vertical 

 ition, and connects them with a central column F, 

 shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 2. at the upper end. 

 This is cast hollow, to form the continuation of a 

 G, which brings the liquor into the tun from the 

 copper. This pipe has also another branch H, convey- 

 the liquor up into the tun, beneath the false bot- 

 tom I, which is the only part of this machine made 

 of wood. In the centre of the tun a vertical axis 

 K is set up and turned round by wheelwork com- 

 municating with the upper end of it, as shewn in Fig. 

 '.">. Upon this axis are two bevelled wheels, a and t>, 

 giving motion to the mashing engine. These wheels 

 turn two horizontal axes L, M, extending from the 

 centre to the circumference of the tun. The former 

 has '! wheels upon it, over which pass 4 endless 

 chains, which also prtss round wheels upon a horizon- 

 tal axis N nea v the bottom of the tun. Upon the 

 endless chain cross pieces of iron d are fixed ; and these 

 have teeth in them, (as is shewn in the elevation, and 

 on a larger scale in Fig. 5 ) which, as the chains re- 

 volve by the action of the wheel b, raise up the malt 

 from the bottom of the tun to the top of the mass 

 of malt. That this stirring may be performed in all 

 parts of the tun, the frame containing the axes L, 

 M, N, has a progressive m< d the tun, bv 



the following means : On the kirb or upper edge o'f 

 the tun, is a ring of teeth OO, shewn in the plan. These 

 are civ^cd hy an endless screw, which is mounted 

 in a frame P, and shewn in perspective in Fig. 9. 

 This screw has a rotatory motion, given it by a wheel 

 Q o:i the extreme end of the axis M, which tunr. 

 pinions (I, c on the axis of the screw. The wheel has 

 two rings of cogs /; and i upon its face, one about |ds 

 the size of the other. Each engages its pinion d and e 

 on the spindle of the screw ; neither of which are fixed 

 to this spindle, but are at liberty to slip freely round 



it. IV-twon the pinions, h a ciro ' 



upon the axis with a fillet, so that i 1 i *~~~* 



with it. This plate has st luK projecting t '."t, 



and the pinions have similar studs. Now when the 

 ;, thru-.t toward, cither of t' 1 ivnions by 

 r /, it can i. and screw to re- 



with the same velocity that the pinion has ; and 

 as the pinions have different velocities, from being 

 turned by two c'ifiVrvut ring.* of t'-e;h, it follows, 

 that by raising or depressing the end m of the lever/, 

 the screw may be turned with eith'-r of these tn 

 ties at pleasure, and thus o;.ii-,c the machine to make 

 the circuit of the tun in a gnv.UT or less time. The 

 extreme ends of the two axes L, N, are supported in a 

 iron arm X, (see Fig. !>.) fixed to the iron frame P f>, 

 of the screw, which runs upon the edge of the tun 

 with four rollers. From this frame two rods p p Fig. 



1. extend to a frame shewn in Fig. 3, which sur- 

 rounds the central axis, and supports the central axis 

 by a collar at its upper end, and the lower point of 

 the axis is fitted into a socket made through the frame. 



The underback RR, which is placed between the 

 8 iron columns, upon brickwork, supported upon 

 bearing piles, is formed of cast iron plates, united by 

 t-crews, in the same manner as the mash tun, and as 

 is explained in the Figures. The plates are flat on 

 the inside, but have flaunches all round the outside, 

 and ribs across to strengthen them. This is shewn by . 

 representing part of the plates as removed. The 

 wort is drawn off from the mash tun, by S cocks 

 in the bottom, two of which are shewn ?.t S S, Fig. 



2. They allow the wort to flow into the underback, 

 whence it is drawn by a pump, the suction tube for 

 v ..', h is marked T, and its situation is explained in 

 Plate LXXVII. It will be seen from that Plate, 

 that a large binn is situated overthe mash tuns. T 

 receives the grist as fast as it is ground, and here it 

 is reserved till wanted. It is the opir.ion of some 

 brewers, that the malt, when ground, is the better of 

 being kept some days before it is mashed ; but we do 

 not know any reason for this. If this has any effect, 

 it can only arise from exposure to the air ; though it 

 cannot have much of this in the close binn over the 

 mash nig, to which it is conveyed by the screw, 

 which is also inclosed in a tight trough, that the 

 fine flour, which will unavoidably be produced in the 

 grinding, may ::ot be lost, as is the case in works 

 where this is not attended to. Whe-.i the grist is let 

 uown into the tun, it is enclosed by sackcloth, hook- 

 ed round the edge of the tun, and round the lower 



of the binn, by which means none of the flour is 

 lost in dust in any part of the process. 



Besides the mashing engine xvhich we have dcscrib- flood- 

 ed, many others. of diff.Tent construction! are in use. wynneV 

 One of 'these invented by Mr Goodwynne, and cm ""*''"" 

 ployed by him in his exteiisive brewery, is deserving " 

 of notice. It is o( the figure < f a half cylinder, with 

 the central line placed horizontal, in this central 

 line, an iron abaft is fitted, and .turned round by 

 whetlwurk from the steam engine. It has several 

 iron arms fixed perpendicularly upon it at different 

 parts of its length, which, as the shaft revolve*, sweep 

 the whole contents of the tun; and having teeth 

 fixed in them, they effectually niabh up every part of 

 the goods. These arms are not all fined on the samr 



