464 



B R E W I N G. 



Mr SU- 

 VC-UT'S 

 mash tun 



Dr Shan- 

 non. 



Brewing, side of the axis, but are arranged at equ:J angles 

 s round it, so as to dip into the goods in succession. 

 When, by their continual motion, the grist is accu- 

 mulated at one side of the tun, the motion of the 

 shaft is reversed by wheclwork adapted for the pur- 

 pose, and this brings the grist back again. 



Another machine, which we have seen at Messrs 

 Clowes and Co. was contrived by Mr Silvester. It 

 consists of a vertical spindle in the centre of the mash 

 tun ; and upon this, an iron arm of a length sufficient 

 to extend across the diameter of the tun, slides up 

 and down, through the depth of the grist. The arm 

 is provided with teeth projecting from one side of it, 

 like a rake ; and these teeth are so contrived, that 

 when the arm descends, they hang down vertical, and 

 their points penetrate the goods, without disturbing 

 .jhem ; but when the arm reaches the bottom of the 

 tun, the teeth are turned by the machine, so as to be 

 horizontal, and are then drawn up ; during which ac- 

 tion they raise a portion of the grist, from the bottom 

 to the top. The next time the aim descends, it is 

 turned round with its spindle a few degrees, so as to 

 take a fresh portion of the tun ; and in this mann?r 

 its action continues, till in about 30 or 10 strokes it 

 completes its revolution round the tun. This con- 

 struction admits of the mash tun being covered close 

 over by large doors, a circumstance of great import- 

 ance for retaining the heat. 



It will be proper to notice here a proposal by 

 Dr Shannon, for a mash tun, which is recommended 

 to be made air tight, and inclosed within .another 

 vessel also air tight ; the space between them to be 

 filled with steam supplied from the steam engine, or 

 from a boiler made on purpose. This method of 

 keeping up the heat would undoubtedly be attended , 

 with great advantages, but some difficulties would 

 occur in the execution of it. Setting aside the enor- 

 mous expence of two such vessels, it is essential in a 

 mash tun that the iv.alt, after being mashed, can be 

 quickly removed frrin it, and that when empty 

 the air should have free access to every part of the 

 tun, that it may dry without becoming musty. 



A patent for the same purpose was obtained by 

 Mr Long in 1790. He proposes the mash tun to be 

 constructed as usual, but with a small boiler 'for 

 water by the side of it. From this boiler a pipe 

 proceeds, and entering the tun near its bottom, 

 makes one or two revolutions within it, and commu- 

 nicates the heat of the water which it contains to the 

 goods in the tun. It then passes out again near where 

 it first entered, and delivers the water into a cistern, 

 irom which it is pumped up to the copper, and the 

 place again heated. By this circulation of hot water 

 1 hrough the tun, the heat, during the mashing, may be 

 regulated as the brewer thinks most proper. The 

 patentee advises, that the liquor should be first It 

 upon the malt* from 20 to 30 degrees lower than 

 usual, and that the wort should be afterwards brought 

 to the proper heat by the small boiler. The same 

 effect may be produced by a small fire-place under 

 the mash tun. We have little doubt but this prac- 

 tice would be attended with some advantages in ma- 

 king a proper extract, and would totally remove 

 the effect of the weather upon the process of ma-.h- 

 ing. 



Mr Long's. 



per. 



1'LATt 



LXXII 



The next utensil which we have to descr h>rcw!/i 



brewing copper. This machine was formerly only '-* "v** 

 an open copper, set in brickwork over a fire place, 

 in the same manner as the boilers which are used for 

 culinary purposes; but in the immense coppers which 

 are now employed, the saving of fuel is an object of 

 great importance, and every means which can tend 

 to this are adopted. 



Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, of Plate LXXIX., are different Close o 

 sections, to explain thestructureofaclosecopperwhich 

 contains 300 barrels. A A, in all the figures, denotes 

 the external brickwork, which is a cylindrical 

 built upon the arches, as shewn hi Plate L.XXVII. In 

 the lower part of this is the ashpit B, and the fire-grate 

 placed over it, being partly supported by iron pillars. 

 CCC is the copper, hung in the brickwork by a pro- 

 KCtiii^ ring of a few inches, at the place where the 

 hemispherical dome G joins upon it. The dome is 

 surrounded by a copper from DD, to contain the 

 water which is intended for the succeeding mash, or 

 afterwards for the wort produced by the mash. This 

 liquor is heated with the steam produced by the cop- 

 per, which is conducted up a large tube E, rising 

 from the center of the dome. To the top of this, four 

 smaller pipes FF, Figs. 2 and 3, are joined, turning 

 down to the bottom of the pan, and open at their 

 lower extremities, by which means the steam is con- 

 ducted beneath the liquor contained in the pan, and 

 by bubbling up through it, soon communicates to it 

 a considerable degree of heat. A recess is made at 

 X, Figs. 2 and 4, in the copper pan, to expose the 

 dome G ; and in this place is the man hole for enter- 

 ing to the copper. Another of these man holes is 

 provided in the top of the copper, at the upper end 

 of a large tube H, Figs. 2 and 4, rising from the 

 dome. I is the chimney to the copper, situated over 

 the fire door a, Fig. 3, and the chimney has an arch 

 in it, to give passage to the fire door. The course 

 of the flues is shewn in Fig, 1, which is a horizontal 

 section, taken a little above the level of the grate 

 bars, upon which the fire rests. On each side of this 

 grate a iamb of brickwork KK is built. This sup- 

 ports the bottom of the copper, and compels the 

 flame and smoke to go backwards, and surround the 

 copper, by rising up in the dark space shewn in Figs. 

 3 and 4. It thenyfurns round in the two semicircu- 

 lar passages over and behind the jambs KK, Fig. 1, 

 and enters the chimney by the opening at L, Fig. 3. 

 The chimney is double, having a partition up the 

 centre, which divides it into passages, one of which is 

 appropriated to each flue. The opening L is fur- 

 nished with an iron door, which can be closed at plea- 

 sure ; and the bottom of the chimnies are likewise 

 shut by iron doors at d, Fig. '3, which slide back ho- 

 rizontally when they are required to be open. By 

 means of these doors the stoker, or fire-man, can at 

 all times regulate the draught of the fire ; for by 

 throwing open the doors d, c, and at the same time 

 opening the fire-door at a in front, the draught is 

 nearly destroyed, as the cold air passes directly up 

 the chimney without going through the fire; and by 

 closing the door L, the draught is totally stopped, 

 and the lire soon extinguished. In the centre of the 

 copper a spindle M is fixed, passing through a tight 

 stufiing box. At the top of the tube E, and abovi 



