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to Cane Wood on being attacked by the train bands, 

 but returned and traversed the city once more. At 

 last, they were overpowered in a house to which they 

 retired, and those who were left alive were brought 

 to execution. The pretext was greedily embraced 

 by the high church party, to confound the Presby- 

 terians with sectaries the most obnoxious in politics. 



Affairs in Scotland hastened with a still quicker 

 pace to the establishment not only of monarchy, but 

 of despotism in church and state. The compliant 

 Scottish parliament, annulled all laws which had 

 passed since 16:!3 ; they declared the covenant un- 

 lawful, and voted a revenue to the king of L. 40,000 

 a year. The lords of articles were restored ; and 

 it was determined, at the instance of Middleton the 

 Scottish minister, and with the advice of Clarendon, 

 to restore prelacy in that kingdom, a measure preg- 

 nant with calamity. 



As Scotland had not been included in the restored 

 monarch's promise of amnesty, it was deemed expe- 

 dient to make examples of severity in that kingdom. 

 Argyle suffered death after an iniquitous trial : the 

 man who had been the last to submit to Cromwell in 

 Scotland, and who, when Charles was proclaimed in 

 Scotland, had placed the crown on his head. John- 

 stone of Warriston suffered two years after. 



A new English parliament met on the 8th of May 

 1661, in which only 56 members of the Presbyte- 

 rian party had obtained seats ; so successful had been 

 the efforts of the court to secure a majority of the 

 zealous royalists and high-churchmen. The acts of 

 this parliament were such as might have been expect- 

 ed from their principles. All coercive power, even 

 in both houses united, over the person of the king, 

 was renounced. With the command of the militia, 

 the power of the sword was restored to the crown. 

 This was a lawful concession to the supreme magi- 

 strate ; but the liberty of the subject was submitted 

 to be trampled under foot, by the act which em- 

 powered Charles to purge corporations of magistrates 

 whose principles he suspected. The test to which 

 their loyalty was submitted, was declaring the un- 

 lawfulness of any resistance to the king. The doc- 

 trine of non-resistance was also introduced into the 

 tenets of the church, and enjoined on all its mem- 

 bers. The church of England was re-established as 

 it stood before the civil wars ; and, as the old perse- 

 cuting laws of Elizabeth were revived, the king's 

 promise of indulgence to tender consciences was 

 completely broken. Charles was in his heart a pa- 

 pist, as far as he possessed religion. This was sus- 

 pected, but not yet known ; but, as he professed 

 himself zealously attached to the English church, it 

 was voted a crime by this obsequious parliament to 

 deny the episcopal faith of his majesty. 



When the act of conformity passed in 1662, the 

 parliament, in the height of its loyalty, ventured to 

 check the wishes of the sovereign ;, but this deviation 

 from tkeir general slavish spirit was for no charitable 

 object. Charles, for the sake of the Catholics, was 

 desirous to exercise his dispensing power ; but the 

 parliament urged him to recal his declaration of in- 

 dulgence, and let him know, that the dispensing 

 power which he claimed was not a part of his pre- 

 rogative. The intoxication of loyalty, however, be- 



gan to wear off from a multitude of cause?. The I'-' 



act of uniformity, by which 2000 of the Presbyte- "; r ' 



rian clergy were 'ejected from their livings, may suf- ,5fi" 11 ' 

 ficiently account for the alienation of that body of 

 dissenters. Other acts of the same kind, as they 

 struck at all dissenters whatever, enraged and :inited 

 them against government, already perjured in its pro- 

 mise of toleration. Of the zealous churchmen, some 

 already suspected the popish principles of Charles : 

 The royalists, who had served him, saw him squan- Unpopula.- 

 dering, on infamous pleasures, the money that might PJ i^ofih^ 

 have rewarded their losses in his service ; and com- king, 

 plained, that the act of oblivion was extended only 

 to his friends. After the army had been dismissed t . 

 perpetual and groundless jealousies had been kept 

 alive of the disbanded officers. On the trifling in- 

 surrection of Vernier, they were insultingly ordered 

 to remove from London. From being continually 

 suspected, the sectaries came at last to deserve suspi- 

 cion. Clarendon, himself an alarmist, spread inces- 

 sant rumours of plots and insurrections, and kept 

 alive the memory of divisions, which ought to have 

 been consigned to oblivion. Some of the first fruits 

 of the restoration were, therefore, to fill the gaols 

 with innocent state prisoners, and the court and 

 country with spies. 



During the protector's war with Spain, he had sup- 

 ported the Portuguese in their revolt from that power ; . 

 and on the restoration, advances were made by Por- 

 tugal for the renewal of the alliance, together with an 

 offer of the princess of that kingdom in marriage, 

 which was embraced by Charles. 



The king's marriage with the daughter of Portu- Charles 

 gal, while it brought him j500,000, with two for- marries the 

 tresses for her dowry, (Tangier in Africa, and Bom- 1'rincess of 

 bay in the East Indies,) wag unpopular from the Portu * ar< 

 religion of the princess ; and, like the sale of Dunkirk, 

 which he made over to the French in the course of the 

 same year for 400,000, it discovered his necessities, 

 and the prodigal disposition which had occasioned them. 

 Even his loyal parliament perceiving they had now to 

 deal with a monarch, profuse, without gratitude, jus- 

 tice, or generosity, and what was still more unpar- 

 donable in their eyes, inclined to tolerate papists, 

 became cautious and sparing in their supplies. 



To deprive the Catholics of all hopes, the two Both 

 houses concurred in a remonstrance against them, houses re- 

 The king gave a gracious answer, but to divert the m 

 attention of the commons to a subject more profitable catholics * 

 to his own interests, he laid the state of his revenue ices. ' 

 before them, and again implored their assistance. 

 They granted him four subsidies ; and the clergy in 

 convocation followed the example of the commons. 



An important change was now preparing, which. ciarendo|i 

 forms an unhappy era in the reign of Charles, viz. i oses fa 

 the dismission of Clarendon. Clarendon's objections king's Ja 

 to the Portuguese match, and his refusal to coincide vour. 

 with apian, which an averLyal member of parliament 

 had pledged himself, to accomplish, of making the 

 king independent of parliament by a fixed revenue of 

 two millions a year, have been assigned as the cause of 

 Charles's alienation from that minister. A still more 

 obvious cause may be traced in Clarendon's zeal 

 against popery. Charles, who was too indolent him- 

 self to attend to business, gladly allowed his brother, 



