628 



BRITAIN. 



' 



... 



Rebellion 

 . in Scot- 

 land. 



The 1're- 

 tender 





Britain, ed our continental operations, the admirals \< 



and Warrt-n retrieved the honour of the British fi,i_, 

 and several rich prizes wire captured at sea. The for- 

 tress of Louisburg, in C;ipe Breton, in North Ame- 

 rica, surrendered to General Peppercll. 



^ l '" s cr ' t ' ca ' period of the war, the son of the 

 Pretender res j\d to make an effort at recovering 

 the British throne. Since the projected invasion of 

 Count Saxe had miscarried, Charles had lived pri- 

 vately at Gravi-line, under the name o'"the Chevalier 

 Douglas ; hut the report of the immense havoc at 

 Fontenoy, and the belief that Britain had but a handful 

 of regular troopt at home, gave hopes to his ambition, 

 and drew him from his retreat. The French court 

 knew of his design ; but they supported it only fee- 

 bly and indirectly. By the help of two French 

 merchants, of Irish extraction, whose names were 

 Walsh and Rnttledge, he obtained a man of war of 

 60 guns, and a frigate of 16, and some money and 

 arms. Lord Clare, an emigrant Jacobite, raised 100 

 marines. With these he embarked from Nantz 

 for Scotland, accompanied by a few friends, and 

 with muskets for '20iX) men. five or six hundred 

 broad swords, and about 4,000 in money, his only 

 means for reducing a great empire. In his course 

 towards the Hebrides, an English man of war enga- 

 g;d his largest ship and disabled her. Charles, how- 

 Janiltmtlie ever, pursued his way to the Hebrides, in his small 

 ' -vessel, the Doutelle, and put ashore at Erisca. a 

 small island in the western Highlands. From thence 

 he proceeded to Boradale, a situation the most inac- 



cessible in the Hebrides, and surrounded by those 

 chiefs who, in former times, had fough. the battles 

 of the Stuarts. The first chief that came to him, at 



Boradale, was Cameron of Lochiel, the son of the 

 elder Lochiel, to whom the Pretender had entrusted 

 his principal confidence in Scotland. Lochiel, though 

 distinguished by his hereditary energy of character, 

 was too wise not to foresee the consequences of so 

 desperate an enterprise, and waited on the Pretender 

 only to give him his reasons, in person, for refusing 

 to join him. On his way ito Charles, the chieftain 

 met with his brother, to whom he imparted the 

 purpose of his journey. Brother, said the younger 

 Cameron, I know you better than you know your- 

 self ; if the prince sets eyes on you, you are a lost 

 man. Lochiel, however, proceeded, and the event 

 was as the other had predicted. Lochiel having in- 

 treated the prince to remain concealed, at least tor a 

 w.hile, till his friends should have consulted ; Charles 

 impatiently replied, that in a few days he would erect 

 his standard, and put all to the hazard. Lochiel, 

 said he, who my father has often told me was our 

 firmest friend, may stay at home, and learn from tne 

 newspapers the fate of his prince. The repr ach .*f 

 disloyalty touched the Highlander, and swayed him 

 against his better reason. No, said Lochiel, t will 

 share the fate of my prince, and so shall every man 

 over whom nature or fortune ha- given me any 

 power. Such was the conversation, on the result of 

 which peace or war depended ; for if Lochiel had 

 persisted in refusing to take arms, it is certain that 

 the other chiefs would not have joined the standard 



.of rebellion. In a short time Charles was joined by 



-other clans, and, advancing from Lochaber, his army 



still increasing as he proceeded, he reached Perth, 

 where he is said to have shevrn, to one of his friends, 

 the only guinea in the woi Id which he possessed. He 

 levied contributions, however, and proclaimed his fa- 

 ther king. Entering Edinburgh, without opposi- 

 tion, he repeated the same ceremony ; and learning 

 that Sir John Cope was approaching with the royal 

 forces, he marched out to Prestonpans, about ten 

 miles from the Scottish capital, and put the roy;<l 

 troops to a total rout, with the slaughter of 500 men. 

 This victory gave hopes, more sanguine than solid, to 

 his party. He was joined, at Edinburgh, by the 

 Earl of Kilmarnock, the Lords Elcho, Balmerino, 

 Ogilvie, Pitsligo, and the eldest son of the old Lord 

 Lovat, a traitor, who had fluctuated in his infidelity 

 between the houses of Stuart and Hanover ; and who 

 now secretly aided the Pretender, while he openly 

 professed his loyalty to government. While Charles 

 was unwisely delaying at Edinburgh, the govern- 

 ment was active in preparation; and the people, 

 though unaccustomed to arms, and terrified by the 

 suddenness of the irruption, voluntarily embodied, 

 and trained themselves to arms. Six thousand Dutch 

 troops, in the mean time, came northward, under 

 General Wade ; and the Duke of Cumberland ar- 

 riving from Flanders, was followed by a detachment 

 of dragoons and infantry. _ 



Charlcii, at last, resolved upon an irruption into 

 England. He crossed the western border; took the 

 town of Carlisle ; and, at Manchester, was joined by 

 200 men. On the -1th of December, the rebels 

 reached Derby. They advanced within 100 miles 

 of the capital, which was filled with dismay at his 

 approach ; and had they reached it immediately, the 

 consequences, though they could not have been fa- 

 tal to the reigning family, might have been produc- 

 tive of temporary contusion. But Charles, who wa 

 in tact, only the nominal leader of his independent 

 chieftains, was overruled in his designs, and it was 

 resolved that his army should retreat into Scotland. 

 They effected their retreat without any loss, and with- 

 out being overtaken by any considerable body of the 

 Duke of Cumberland's army, except at Clifton, 

 where they exhibited the uncommon spectacle of in- 

 fantry not awaiting the shock of dragoons, but rush- 

 ing up to attack them, sword in hand, and driving 

 them from their ground. Continuing to retire north- 

 ward, they left a garrison of 400 behind them, at 

 Carlisle, who, soon after, surrendered prisoners at 

 discretion. On their return to Scotland, they levied 

 a heavy contribution on the opulent city of Glasgow; 

 and proceeding from thence to Stirling, took posses- 

 sion of the town, but continued an ineffectual siege 

 of the castle. To relieve this place, General Haw- 

 ley assembled a number of forces at Stirling, and 

 gave battle to the Highlanders, who came, on the 

 17th of January 1746, in full spirits to attack him. 

 They threw tlie troops, under flawley, into disorder 

 at the first volley ; rushed forward with their clay- 

 mores, and mixing his cavalry and infantry, in one 

 rout, put them to flight, and took possession of the 

 tents and artillery of the king's forces. 



But the victory of Falkirk was the last of Charles's 

 triumphs. The IJuke of Cumberland had put him- 

 self at the head of 14,000 men, who were assembled 



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