BRITAIN. 



'" at Edinburgh, and advanced nortliward ai the young 



~ -' adventurer retired. When lie had passed Aberdeen, 

 * " where he was joined by the Duke of Gordon and 

 other loyal Scotch nobility, he continued his course 

 across tin- Spry, till lie learnt that the rebels were ad- 

 vancing from Inverness, nine miles distant, t.i give 

 c rebels him battle on the plain of Culloden. Their nui. 

 >' amounted to 8000, who were drawn out to n 



him. At one in the afternoon of the 1.0th of April 

 t the cannonading commenced ; the rebel artillery was 

 miserably served, and did no execution ; but the 

 duke's artillery made lanes among the Highlanders. 

 While the cannonade continued, the duke observing 

 a wall upon the right of the Highlanders, ordered a 

 body of his men to advance, and pull it down. The 

 rder was obeyed, and the flank of the rebels imme- 

 diately became uncovered. The front of the rebel 

 Highlanders being at the same time exposed to a 

 dreadful tire of artillery, the men, by instinctive va- 

 lour, advanced to the attack sword in hand, broke 

 through two regiments, Barrel's and Munro's, and 

 pressed on to the second line of the royal army. In 

 this situation, they were calmly expected by the se- 

 cond line of the royal army in front, and by Wolfe's 

 regiment, which had broken down the wall, on their 

 flank. A few, and but a few, ot the assailants in 

 this quarter escaped. The bravest who did not fall 

 by the fire, perished in conflict with the English 

 bayonets. Lochiel was advancing at the head of a 

 small troop who survived, and was charging the Eng- 

 lish ranks, when he fell by a discharge of grape-shot, 

 which wounded him in the ancles, while he was in 

 the act of drawing his sword. He was carried off 

 by his two brothers, .between whom he had advan- 

 ced. Macdonald of Keppoch was rushing on in the 

 same manner, when he received a wound which 

 brought him to the ground : he was conjured by a 

 friend not to throw his life away, but to retreat, and 

 rejoin his regiment. He desired his friend to pro- 

 vide for his own safety ; and, going on, received an- 

 other shot, by which he fell to rise no more. 



Most of the chiefs who commanded the five High- 

 land regiments who advanced to the charge were 

 killed, and almost every man in the front rank of 

 each regiment. The rebel regiments on the left, see- 

 ing the fate of their countrymen, did not advance to 

 close combat ; but only so near as to exchange a ge- 

 neral discharge with the right wing of the duke's ar- 

 my ; after which, they answered the fire of some of 

 the dragoons who pursued them ; and then dividing 

 into separate bodies of different sizes, were either 

 cut to pieces, or retreated, according to their num- 

 bers, or that of their immediate pursuers. In less 

 than thirty minutes the battle was converted into a 

 general route ; and orders being issued to give no 



rp- quart r, vast numbers were slain in the pursuit. The 

 es- preiender escaped with great difficulty from the field 



and o f Da ttle ; and after wandering for the space of ma- 

 ny months a solitary fugitive among the wilds of 



nce. n ' i i r i i_ i r , 



Scotland, he found means to embark on noard a 



small vessel, which conveyed him to Morlaix in Bre- 

 tagne. Tuns ended the last effort of the Stuart fa- 

 n ily, to reascend that throne which had been forfeit- 

 ed by the most egregious folly, and the most flagi- 

 tious attempts. The executions which ensued on 



the suppression, teemed much nnrf meroui than 

 the necessity of the i- d. The I. on 



1.1, Lovat, a:.d Kilmarnock, suffered the sen- 

 of decapitation on Tow. r lull, a^ (.id al.o the 

 Karl of Derwentwater, without any form of trh!, 

 being arraigned on t!,.- ( ntcnce pas ed 

 in ITlri. The Earl of Crornarty, only, n <: 

 pardon. Boili houses of parliament j/; 

 dresses of congratulation to his Majesty, and thai ka 

 to his royal i the Duke of Cumberland 



now became the idol ot the nation, and was held 

 every where up as the saviour of the Protestant in- 



An important act of parliament was pasfcd imme- 

 diately after the siipp s. ion of the n btllio: , by 

 which the heritable |urisdictions of the Highland 

 chieftains were abolished A law was also ] 

 forbidding the Highlanders to wear the garb by 

 which they wi re distinguished. The policy of cman- 

 cipati' g the Highland vassals cannot be doubted; 

 but the conquest of their affections remained still t 

 be niade. Under the wise administration of Cha- 

 tham, a conciliatory system was adopted, and thtir 

 favourite nation;'! garb was restored. It was not un- 

 til the latter period, that the nation reaped the full 

 benefit of the bravery and loyalty of a true, simple, 

 and energetic Celtic race of mountaineers. 



About the same time, the English made an expe- 

 dition to the coast of France, in order to attack Port 

 L'Orient, from which they came off with neither ho 

 nour nor advantage. The fleet under Admiral Les- 

 tock, with six battalions of regular forces on board, 

 arrived on the 20th of September, in Quimperlay Bay, 

 ten miles distant from the city, which wa* immedi- 

 ately summoned to surrender. In the first emotions 

 of surprise and consternation, a capitulation was a- 

 greed to, on condition that the magazines of the 

 company, on the payment of L. 40,000, should re- 

 main untouched, and the inhabitants be protected 

 from pillage. These terms the British commander 

 haughtily rejected, and the inhabitants, driven to 

 despair, prepared to defend themselves. The inva- 

 ders were destitute of artillery and implements for a 

 siege, and they played ineffectually with a single bat- 

 tery upon the town. At length the troops in the 

 neighbourhood, and the provincial militia, collecting 

 in force, compelled the general to reimbark, and re- 

 turn to Portsmouth. 



The French, at the same time, gained an import- 

 ant victory at Rocoux, in Flanders, over the allies. 

 The Dutch, who had beheld the progress of the 

 French arms in the Netherlands with terror and ap- 

 prehension, had been at last driven to declare against 

 their most formidable enemy ; and by a tumultuous 

 sedition, similar to that which, in the last century, 

 had saved their commonwealth, the people were tx- 

 cited to depose their magistrates, and to confide the 

 supreme power over the army and navy to the Prir.ce 

 of Orange. But, Tiowever spirited and wife their 

 resistance to France might have been, thgy were in 

 the present conflict necessaiily, from being the weak- 

 est, the greatest sufferers. A victory gainrd over 

 the allies at La Feldt filled them .with distrust of 

 their own generals, and the taking of Bergen-op- 

 Zoom drove them to despair. These disasters, it is 



t 



17U. 



Proceed- 

 ings of the 

 British 

 fleet. 



Successes 

 of the 

 Fren.h in 

 Flanders. 

 1H7. 



