INDIA. 



rage breadth 90. The Paishwah, Holkar, and Scindiah, 

 -V ' pones* the whole of this province ; the greatest part 

 belonging to Holkar, and the least to the Paishwah. 

 The principal towns are Boorhanpoor, Hindia, and As- 

 hler, seer. It is full of strong fortresses. 3. Beder, between 

 the 16th and 18th degrees of latitude, is bounded on 

 the north by Aurungabad and Nandere ; on the south 

 by the Kristhnah ; on the west by Bejapoor ; and on the 

 east by Hyderabad. Its length is 1*0, and its breadth 

 averages b'5 miles. It is wholly possessed by the Ni- 

 zam. Its principal town is Ahmedabad, built near the 

 Hyderabad, ruins of the ancient city of Beder. 4. Hyderabad, 

 between the Kith and 19th degrees of latitude, is 

 bounded on the south by the Kristhnah ; on the north 

 by the Godavery ; on the west by Beder and Aurunga- 

 lucl ; and on the east by <amdwana. Its length is 

 ISii. ;nid its average breadth 150 miles. It belongs 

 entirely to the Nizam. The principal towns are Hy- 

 derabad, the capital of the Nizam's territories, Golcon- 

 Xandcre. dah, \Varangol, &c. ;i< Nandere. This small province, 

 lying in about the l.Qth degree of latitude, is bounded 

 tin the nortli by Berar ; on the south by Hyderabad 

 and Beder ; on the west by Aurungabad ; and on the 

 east by Gundwana. It belongs entirely to the Nizam. 

 The principal towns are Nandere, Candhar, Balcun- 

 dah, &c. 6. The Northern Circars, a narrow slip of. 

 maritime country, extending from the 1 5th to the 20th 

 degree of latitude, is bounded on the east by the sea ; 

 it is divided from Hyderabad on the west, by a ridge 

 of small detached hills ; from Berar, on the north, by 

 another ridge of a much greater height, and nearly im- 

 passable; and from Orissa on the north-east by the 

 same hills, and the Chilka lake ; the river Gundezama 

 tlivides it, on the south, from the Carnatic Payenghaut. 

 The length of this province is about 470 miles, and its 

 breadth varies from 50 to 70 miles. In the year 1765, 

 four of the circars were ceded to the British ; and in 

 1788, the remaining circar came into their possession. 

 The principal towns are Ganjam, Visagapatam, Masu- 

 Beru. lipatam, and Guntoor. 7. Berar, between the 19th and 

 22d dt'gree of latitude, is bounded on the south by 

 Nandere, which is frequently included in it ; on the 

 north by Khandeish and Allahabad ; on the east by 

 Gundwana ; and on the west by Khandeish and Aurun- 

 gabad. If Nandere be considered as part of it, its 

 length will be 230 miles: its average breadth is 120. 

 Three fourths of it belong to the Nizam, and the re- 

 mainder to the Mahrattas. The principal towns are 

 Gundwana. Ellichpoor, Gawelghur, Poonar, &c. 8. Gundwana, 

 lying between the 19th and 25th degrees of latitude, is 

 bounded on the north by Allahabad and Bahar ; on 

 the south by Orissa and the Godavery ; on the east by 

 . Orissa, Bengal, and Bahar ; , and the west by Malwah, 

 Berar, and Allahabad. It is 400 miles long, and 280 

 miles in average breadth. The fertile districts of this 

 province are held by tlie Nagpoor Mahrattas j the 

 mountainous and barren parts are still in the possession 

 of the native inhabitants, called Goands. The princi- 

 pal towns are Nagpoor, Gurrah, &c. 9. Orissa, lying 

 I x't ween the 1 6th and 23d degrees of latitude, is bound- 

 < (1 on the north by Bengal and Bahar; on the south by 

 the Godavery and the Circars ; on the east by the bay 

 of Bengal ; and on the west by Gundwana. Its length 

 is about 530 miles, its average breadth not exceeding 

 )0 miles. Three-fourths of Orissa belong to the British ; 

 Bqapoor. the re . st lg possessed by several native chiefs, over whom 

 the Nagpoor Mahrattas claim the sovereignty. 10. The 

 greatest part of the province of Bejapoor lies to the 

 north of the Kristhnah, and consequently may justly be 

 5 



considered as a province of the Decan. It stretches Statistics. 

 from the 15th to the 19tU degree of latitude. It is w T^ 

 bounded on the south by the Toombuddra, a Branch of 

 the Kristhnah, and North Canara ; on the* north by Au- 

 rungabad ; on the east by Aurungabad and Beder ; and 

 on the west by the sea. Its length is about 350 miles, 

 and its average breadth 200. Four-fifths of this pro- 

 vince belong to the Poonah Mahrattas ; and of this part 

 the Paishwah possesses in full sovereignty little more 

 than the maritime district of Concan. The Nizam pos- 

 sesses the remaining fifth. The principal towns are, 

 Poonah, Bejapoor, Darwar, Mirjee, &c. 



III. The SOUTH OF INDIA. Bejapoor, a small part of Provinces 

 which lies in the grand division of India, ha^s been al- in the south 

 ready described. 1. The ceded districts comprehend of India - 

 the country lying to the south of the Toombuddra and Ceded dis- 

 Kristhnah rivers, which was ceded by Tippoo, in the tricts. 

 years 1792 and 1799; at that time assigned by the 

 British to the Nizam; and afterwards, in 1800, given 

 tip by the Nizam to the British. The greater part of 

 these districts consists of Table land, or that country 

 which lies above the Ghauts, called Balaghaut ; and 

 besides this, it comprises those portions of Punganoor 

 and Goodiput, which, by the treaty of Mysore, were 

 reserved for the Paishwah; but which, in consequence 

 of his not complying with the conditions that were sti- 

 pulated, were occupied by the British. The exact ex- 

 tent of the -ceded districts has not been accurately ascer- 

 tained, but they are supposed to contain an area of 

 about 27,000 square miles. The principal towns are, 

 Cudapah and Balharry. 2. The Carnatic extends from Carnatic. 

 the 8th to the iCth degree of latitude. It is bounded 

 on the north by the river Gundezamor, which separates 

 it from the northern Circars; on the south, it stretches 

 as far as Cape Comorin ; on the east, it is bounded by 

 the sea ; and on the west by the Ghauts. Its length is 

 about 500 miles ; its breadth varies much, but may 

 average about 75 miles. The Carnatic is divided into 

 three parts, the northern, central, and southern. The 

 first is bounded on the north by the Gundezama, and 

 on the south by the river Pennar; the centre extends 

 from the Pennar to the Coleroon ; and the southern 

 from the Coleroon to Cape Comorin. The whole of 

 this territory belongs to the British. The principal 

 towns in the northern Carnatic are, Ongole and Sam- 

 gaum ; in the central, Madras, Pondicherry, Arcot, 

 Vellore, Pulicat, and Cuddalore ; and in the southern, 

 Tanjore, Trichinopoly, Madura, Tranquebar, Negapa- 

 tam, and Tinnevelly. 3. Mysore, between the llth Mysore. 

 and 25th degrees of latitude, is surrounded by the Bri- 

 tish territories under the Madras presidency, the whole 

 of the country being inclosed by the eastern and west- 

 ern Ghauts. It is about 210 miles long, by an average 

 breadth of 140 miles. The whole of the Mysore, with 

 the exception of a small district, allotted, by the treaty 

 of Seringapatam, to the family of the Rajah, is possess- 

 ed in full sovereignty by the British. The principal 

 town is Seringapatam. 4. Canara is bounded on the Canara. 

 east by Mysore, and the ceded districts ; on the west 

 by the sea ; on the north by the province of Bejapoor ; 

 and on the south by the province of Malabar. Its 

 length is about 200 miles, and its average breadth about 

 35. It is divided into two parts, North and South Ca- 

 nara. The former lies between the 13th and 15th de- 

 grees of latitude ; its principal towns are Battecola, 

 Carwar, and Ongore. South Canara stretches from the 

 13th to the 12th degree of latitude ; its chief towns are 

 Barcelore, Mangalore, and Callianpore. The whole of 

 Canara belongs to the British. 5. The province of Ma- Malabar. 



