INDIA. 



57 





;i . i >: 



On! * 



ITattial 



TlsPaa 



Jsk. 



Oaksssf 



It a particular part of the coast of Malabar to 

 which this nsme is appropriated. It is situated hetween 

 the I0th and ISth degrees of latitude. On the north 

 it if bounded hy the province of Canara ; on the south 

 i ; on the east by the Ghauts; and on the 

 e sea. Ita length is about 155 miles, and its 

 average breadth about 35. The whole of the province 

 belong to the British. The principal towns are Cali- 

 cut, Tellichernr. and Paniany. 6. Baramahal, situated 

 between the I'.th and 14th degrees of latitude, and 

 bounded on the west by the Ghauts, and on the e*st by 

 the sea, belongs entirely to the llr 



mcled on the north by Myore ; on the south by 

 on the east by Salem and Kistnaeerry ; and 

 on the west by the province of Malabar. It lies entire- 

 ly above the GhauU. It belongs entirely to the Bri- 

 The principal tow- Dindigul 



lies between the 10th and 1 1 th degrees of latitude ; and 

 is bounded on the north by Coimbetoor and Kistnag*r- 

 ry ; on the south by Trmvanoore -and Madora ; *t*t& 

 east by the southern Camatic and Matlura ; and on the 

 west by Travaticore, Cochin, and Malabar. It betbngi 

 entirely to t! r British. The principal towns are Din- 



I. Balmy, and Palapetty. 9. Cochin U a very small 

 utou>ce, bounded on the north by Malabar ; on the 

 oath by Tnvancore ; on the east by Dindigul ; and 

 on the west by the sea. The Rajah of Cochin is tribu- ' 

 tary to the I' he principal town is Cochin. 



|0. Travjiuiti 'i on the aoath and trii 



by the MM ; on th mirth by Cochin ; and on the cast 

 :lr lii-tn.t ofthe southern Camatic. It 

 lie* between the 8th ami 10th degree* of latitude It* 

 length ii abnot I4O mil**, and ita breadth abort 4O. 

 The K.ij ih of Trancore is subject to th* British. The 

 principal towns are Anjeng*. Coutan, and Travan- 



Such are the geographical divisions oP BhettosUn. 

 There ire, however, natural and political divisions, 

 which it wfll be proper to not" 



Of the nstural divisions, the Punjab is one of the 

 .rated in hi.tory. as wHI a< one of the snort 

 in ha character. Tbe Parish is sometimes 

 only of the flat portion of the 

 province of Lahore ; but, in Hs proper and most extan- 

 sive meaning, it earoprehssids an that tract of coon try 

 to the we- laamtama, thrawfh which 



the principal tributary stream of the lndu run. Its 

 " amdavy *s formed by the Hutlefre; and. 

 the Indus, its breadth is 

 apntas) to he 859 

 to 



te prncipa tributary strea 

 owth-ea* bnswdary M form 

 from this river to Attach on 



miles in length along the sea -coast, and about 1 15 from Statistic*. 

 tbe point of separation of the superior branches of the s ^. * 

 river to its mo*t prominent mouth. The lower part of 

 the Delta of the Indus resembles the lower part of the 

 Delta of the Ganges, in being intersected with rivers 

 and creeks ; but there are no trees on it, the greatest 

 part being sandy, or covered with swamps and stagnant 

 lakes. The last natural division of the country which 

 we shall mention, is the Table land in Central and Tuble Itet. 

 * uthtm ilindoetan. This is supported by the east- 

 ern and western Ghauts. It stretches not only through 

 the Mahratta territories, but also through the peninsu- 

 la to the southern extremity of Mysore. Properly 

 speaking, however, it is not table land, as the surface 

 is considerably varied, being broken into hill and dale. 



In the geographical description which has been gi- 

 ven of the different provinces of Hindustan, mention 

 baa been made of the powers by whom they were pos- 

 atsacfl It will be proper, however, to bring into one 

 view the political divisions of the country, by exhibit- p |i tie j 

 ing a connected account of the possessions held by the divisions. 

 British ; the princes tributary to the British ; the in- 

 denendent princes ; and the jwtty chii 



The British possesMons are divided into three pre- British 

 sidencies, Bengal, Bombay, and Madras. Bengal is Hindustan. 

 the supreme presidency, and in it are comprised the 

 whole provinces of Bengal and Bahar ; tliret-- fourths 

 of the adjoining province of Orisaa ; the districts of 

 Benares, Allahabad, and Bundrlcund in the province 

 ihalMKl ; a small part of Berar ; and a great por- 

 tion of the territories of the Nabob of Oude, ceded 

 by tbe treaties of Novr-nlxr Is. 11 ; the eastern and 

 north-eastern districts of Delhi, and that part of Agra 

 which hes to the east of the Jumnah, are also under 

 the Bengal presidency The Bombay presidency ex* 

 nnemn over the whole western coast of In- 



Dooab ia another natural division of ths couwtry, wMeh 

 freqwSwtly or< e history of HiMtosUn. The 



term Dooab properly means any tract of country inrlu- 



tft^tfl K^t^A^OT t^A OTt'MMM . f JM^M^MA Ak*_ ** 



mo oeiween iwo nvers . 01 course inetv atv mOTy 

 Dooabi in HindoaUn ; but the terra is 

 plied to the country between the JunifMb'and the 

 pcs, or, in its iirlcasjat inm, to th* amithara portion of 

 that territory, for iht mo%t part cumyrehamled in the 

 plOUK of Agra. The Deltas of the ( inre and the 

 lnda art also natural diviions of HiMdoaUn. The 

 JbraMr comoMnces about MO mile* ftw th* a. The 

 lower part of it is railed the SHnderbanda, and extenda 

 aloof the bay of Bengal about ISO railea. The Sav 

 dathmda are shoat entirely f.irmed of woods, inter- 

 spersed with creek*, and numberless islands, and salt 

 firm This tract is in extent equal to the principa- 

 lity of Wale*. The Delta of the IndM it about 150 

 vok ZIL rRT I. 



dia ; but the possessions under its absolute and imme- 

 diate jurisdiction are of (ruling extent, compared with 

 tho-sbjecttothe presidencies of Bengal and Madras. 

 They consist of the districts of Swat, Baroach, Carobay, 

 Gosirwarah. and in general the tract which lies along 

 both sides of tbe Gulph of Cambay, comprehending 

 the most fertile and populous part of the province of 

 Guserat. Under the presidency of Madras, the whole of 

 India smith of the Kristbnah. and the nutthern Circars 

 in the Decan. are placed The Rajahs of Mysore. Tra- 

 vancorc, and Cochin, indeed collect the revenues, and 

 direct the internal pobcy of their respective states; but 

 they are, in fact, vassals of the British in every thing re- 

 lating to external politics. In the northern Circars, there 

 are five districts ; in tbe Camatic, six. Part of Mysore 

 and the southern Camatic form one district. Tinne- 

 velly, in the southern Camatic, constitutes another dis- 

 <nd, in the rest of tbe Mysore, there are eight dis- 

 tricts : in all, 81 districts under the Madras presidency. 



The Niaam possesses the centre of the Decan, his TaeNizun. 

 dominions comprising tbe greater part of Berar, the 

 whole of the province of Hyderabad, Nandere, and - t< .,. 

 Badar, and part of Aurnngabad and Bejapoor. His 

 territories are divided from those of the British by the 

 Kristbnah and Tonmbuddra ; and from those of the Nag- 

 poor Rajah by the Wurdah. Their length is about 42O 

 miles, and their average breadth 2*0. The Nizam is 



rot* the principal of the British allies. 

 By the treaty of the 3 1st of December 1802, between 

 the Paishwah and the British government, the federal 

 power of the Mahrattas was annihilated, and the inde- 

 pendent state _of tbe Paishwah, the Itajah of Nagpoor, 



