INDIA. 



61 



vanuui 



"-nrisiii* in diameter, in the centre of the road, not nlxy e two 



- - ' teet asunder. This pas* is often travelled at night by 



torch light. The western Ghauts, especially about the 



latitude of 1 '->', are ci.\ ered with a rich mould, on which 



with great luxuri- 



r height has not been measured, but it i* 

 be about 5000 feet. The eastern Ghauts 

 do'not extend so far to the south as the western, begin- 

 ning only a little to the north of the Cavery, about the 

 latitude of 1 1 - A>'. Their line is nearly straight and is 

 uninterrupted as far as the hanks of the Kri-thnah. in 

 latitude !' ' : ulrai their height i* greatest. It 



i* estimated to be 3000 feet ; as Bangalore, in latitude 

 12^ *7'. and longitude 77' +6' east, winch lie* within 

 the Ghaut*, was ascertained by barometrical obterva- 

 t.ji... to U- .-! t'rrl sbe Madr-i- T.. the -u-.ith ot 



Serbnddah. all the riven flow eastward, a* the 

 eastern Ghauts are not so high as the western ; they 

 are also lesa abrupt in their elevation ; and their gene- 

 ral character i* lea* fertile and pleasing, in the most 

 part exhibiting naked, sun-burnt, and rocky peak*. 

 To enter the Mysore country, there are several pastes, 

 the principal of which are those of Muglee, Palicand, 

 Amboor, Cbangama. Attoor, and Sautgur. The last 

 was always considered one of great importance, as it 

 naaiaanils the main toad leading to the upper Carna- 



tn the Valley of Veniambody, in the Barraroahal, 

 i* the most direct route to and from the .My.ore. 



!** ha* been levelled and widened since the Bri- 

 tish gained potass.. f province. The other 

 Baiit* all centre in the Palicaml pa**; hence, though 

 Hyder and Tippeo possessed the advantage of all 

 these route* when they attacked the low country, they 

 had but one entrance at this part into the Mysore to 



i ' 



r ran the general description which has bean given 

 of the surface of the country, it will naturally t 

 petted that the most numerous and extensive plains 

 mujt be sought for 



whose country through which the Ganges flows, from 

 the .Scev-Jic mountains to the sea. is one vast plain. 

 There is also a pla ng from Sirbind to the 



city of Delhi, in a direction, a distance of 



and Carnaw 1. and is cel 

 battles, one m A. I>. 1545 between the Emperor Baher 

 and the Patan Sultan Lodi ; and the other in 1761, be- 

 tween the Makratta* and the Mahunsfdan army com- 

 manded by Abdalli. Acroas the eastern entrance of 

 the pasa of Panuny. already described, there ia an ele- 

 vated pUni 'i miles in extant, which rises suddenly 



an extensive Irrrace. It it boundr-1 on the wct by a 

 ieeesC There are ..m.lar elevated plains in 

 and in the Bundela country, tooth of UM Ganges. 



ohagre Ghaut From the summit of the Mina- 

 ret in front of the MaMitlenni of Acbar, at Secodra, 

 6 sailes to the north of Agra, there is an extensive plain. 

 3O milea ina direct line, filled with the ruins of ancient 



Of the Sandy Desert mentioned by Herodotus, our 

 knowledge is but imperfect. Cutcb lie. to the south of 

 userat to the east; 3*nde to the west, and Ajeaeer 

 to the north. The- . generally assigned 



but. according to Major Kennel!, it extend* went 

 the sea to the Punjab nmr.tr;. - extent, how. 



ere*, he probably comprehend* the Run, a large salt 

 .u-jnd the Vettern frontiers of the pro- 

 vince of .Gtuexat, and communicate-* with the Gull of 



., and which in some places seems to adjoin, and Statistic*, 

 in other places to be intermixed with the Sandy Desert. "V~ p ' 

 The I. itter is uVout .">.">> miles in length, and about 160 

 mile* in the wiilt-t part. In some parts of it there are 

 spoU . tli the sand ; but. in general, the 



country U OTOadJ . desolate, anil sterile , and the 



wells are freque: r 10 cms from 



one another. All over this sandy tract there is scattered 

 jungles, but of stinted growth. The Run, or salt mo- 

 rass, in some place* consuls of water only a few inches 

 deep ; in others it is an impassable swamp ; and in 

 others a bank of sterile and loose sand. It is every- 

 where saline. It bend* round the north of ditch, and, 

 including its windings, U supposed to extend several 

 hundred mile*. This mar>h evidently mu-t have been, 

 at some remote period, covered by the sea, the water* 

 of which are still slowly draining off; but when it was 

 so covered is not known. Legendary tales and songs 

 record the passage of the Run at Mallia on the river 

 Muckoo, by Jam Bhamanu, who invaded Guzerat 

 from Sinde, about the year A.I). 700. This is evidence 

 of the existence and extent, in this quarter, of the mo- 

 raw at this period. 



The only riven of Hindostan of a very lengthened Riven. 

 course, or great, volume of water, are tho-e which run 

 through Hindostan Proper, the Indus and the Ganges, 

 heir respective tributary streams, i'he Indus en- 

 ters Hindostan about the latitude of S3 9 15'. Here it ind.u and 

 i* an inconsiderable stream, but its breadth and volume iu ureams. 

 of water* i* much increased by the junction of the At- 

 tock, which, a* flowing into it from the west, requires 

 no farther notice under this article. The Indus pur- 

 >ues its course through Hindostan to the beginning of 

 its Delta, about 170 miles from the sea, nearly in a 

 straight lino south by west. Of its two branches which 

 form the Delta, the westernmost i* the largest ; and 

 this, aller flowing nearly SO miles to the south-west, 

 again divide* into two other stream*, which, a* they 

 approach the sea, are subdivided into numerous creek*. 

 The whole coarse of from iu entrance into 



Hindostan. i* about 900 milea ; but the tide doe* not 

 flow up more than 60 or 65 mile*. At Tatta, about 

 140 mile*, by the course of the river, from the sea, the 

 Indus is vary shallow : about five miles below this 

 town, the greatest depth i* (our, and the common 

 depth only two fathom* : the breadth here is about a 

 mile. The land floods, occasioned by the melting of 

 the enow, begin about the middle of July, and do not 

 list end of August. Notwithstanding the 

 tide flows but a short way up this river, on account of 

 tla* shallownis* of it* *tream, yet it enter* the mouths 

 of the diflormt branches with extraordinary violence and 

 velocity, so a* to carry up the current frequently, in 

 some piece >, at the rate of four mile* an hour. The 

 tributary river* of the Indus chiefly flow into it in the 

 northern half of it* course, in the province of Multan, 

 Vrminsr, the Punjab, or country of river*.' These ri- 



niiiaub, the Ravcy, 



the Beyah, and the Sutlege, all rise nearly in the same 

 place, at the I ol of the Himalaya mountain?. The 

 Jhylum, the Hydatpes of the Greek*, after crossing 

 the great road leading from Lahoreto Attock, and flow. 

 ing along the eastern tide of the Joud mountains in the 

 province of Ajroeer, unite*, with the ( hunaub, near Je- 

 nungseal, about 60 miles above Multan. Its whole 

 conn* i* about +OO miles. It i* the most westerly of 

 the streams that flow through the Punjab into the In- 

 dus. The C hunaub, the Acesines of the Greeks, is no- 

 where, alter it enters the Punjab, more than 33 mile* 



