207 



JOINERY* 



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JOINERY a that branch of civil architecture, which 

 treats of the art of training and joining wood together 

 for the internal and external finishing of houses. 



The smoothing of wood, by cutting the superfluous 

 parts away in thin equal slices, u called planing ; and 

 the tool* useil for thi* purpose are called planes, whether 

 they are employed in reducing the surface to a plane, 

 or to a convex, a concave, or an undulated form. 



The wood is called tiuf, and U previously formed 

 into rectangular prism* by the saw. These prisms are 

 denominated deals, board*, battens, planks, &c. accord- 

 ing to their dimensions in breadth and thickness. So 

 that in this article, whenever a piece of wood is spoken 

 of, it is understood to be bounded by six planes, and to 

 have all its angles right angles. 



The arruft are the line* of concourse formed by every 

 two planes, and are therefore eight in number. 



Deals are of two kinds, white and yellow ; the white 

 U employed for panelling, and the yellow for the fram- 

 ing. But of late, instead of white deal, American wood 

 has been brought into use, and employed both in fram- 

 ing and panelling. It is soft, very tree from knots, 

 and easily wrought ; but is more liable to warp than 

 white deal 



Of Mould- 



As mouldings have already been defined under CIVIL 

 ABCHITECTUMC, we shall here only point out thast 

 which are commonly used in joinery. 



id is generally much thinner than the dimension 

 of ks breadth, reckoning the breadth and thicknes* on 

 the sides of the rectangular section made by cutting it 

 perpendicular to the fibre*, the length being understood 

 to be parallel to the fibres. The faces are the two broad 

 planes that run in the direction of the fibres ; and the 

 edges are the two narrow planes which also run in the 

 direction of the fibres. The ends are the two planes 

 perpendicular to the fibres. 



When the wood has been reduced to the rectangular 

 shape by the square and plane, so that the side* may be 

 planes, and the angles right angles, the next operation 

 is to take away the right angles, and reduce the wood 

 to mouldings, which is called tticJttng, and the mould- 



: i said to be itttck. 



i the edge of a piece of wood is reduced toa cy- 

 lindrical form, it is said to be rounded, which is the sim- 

 plest ipecies of moulded work. 



When a part of the arris is reduced to a semio Un- 

 der, so that the surtax of the cylindrical part may be 

 flush, both with the face and edge of the wood, and 

 that a groove or sinking may be made in the face only, 

 the cylindrical part is called a bead, and the sinking a 

 quirk, so that the moulding is called a out, lad trad. 



When a quirk it !-<> formed in the narrow plane, 

 or edge, so aa to'make the rounded part at the angle 

 thne-fbortni of a cylinder, the moulding obtains the 

 name a( brad and JotMr quirk. 



U hen there are two semicvlindrical mould ings, rising 

 both from a plane parallel to the face ; and when one 

 comes close to the edge of the piece, and the other 

 lias a quirk on the farther side, and iu turface flush 

 with the fact of the wood, tin- combination* of these 

 mouldings are termed a doubit bead, or double teed and 



quirk. In this combination, the bead which is next to Joinery, 

 the edge of the stuff is much less than the other. * P Y"" P/ 



Mouldings are generally separated from one another, Moulding!, 

 and frequently terminated by two narrow planes, at 

 right angles to each other, cMedjillfts, which shew two 

 sides of a rectangular prism. 



Mouldings, as well as fillets, are called members. 



When a semicylindrical moulding, which rises from a 

 plane parallel to the face, is terminated on the edge by a 

 fillet, the two members thus combined are called a turns. 



If there be two semicylindrical mouldings springing 

 from a plane parallel to the face, terminated on the 

 edge by a fillet, this combination of members is called 

 a double torus. 



Art-petition of equal semicylindrical mouldings, spring- 

 ing from a plane or cylindrical surface, is called reed*. 



The cima recta, and cima recerta, are called in joinery ' 

 ogee. The former is called ogee, and the latter ogee 

 rnene. 



Ovolo has already been defined in our article CIVIL 

 ARCHITECTURE. 



A quarter round is the fourth part of a cylindrical sur- 

 face, but has no quirk on either side. 



Moulding* for Framing. 



In framed work, as doors, shutters, wainscoting, &c. Moulding* 

 the edges of the framing is generally reduced at the for framing, 

 angle* to mouldings. The mouldings for this purpose 

 are the ovolo, or the op<e. with or without a bead next 

 to the panel ; but when the ovolo is employed, a bead 

 or a fillet becomes necessary. The ogee is either common 

 or quirked, with a bead at the bottom. 



When the margins of the framing terminate on the 

 edges next to the panel, with one or more moulding*, 

 which both advance before, and retire from the face of 

 the framing to the panelling. The mouldings thus 

 introduced are called boleciion mouldings. 



The panelling of framed work is generally sunk 

 within the face of the framing ; sometime*, however, 

 for outside work, it is made flush. In the best flush 

 work, the panel* are surrounded with a bead, formed 

 on the edge of the framing, and the work it called bead 

 andJttuH. In the more common kind of flush framing, 

 the bead U run on the two edges of the panel in the di- 

 rection of the fibres, and U called >nad and butt. 



I 1'lr. \IM. Fill. p liT , 



2. Edge rounded. This simple moulding is cccxxxm. 

 also sometime* called a bead ; but not unless it is fixed V 'S- 1* 

 to one side of a rectangular piece of wood, and the 

 rounded part made flush with the other side. 



Pig. 3. Flush bead, or bead and quirk. 



4. Bead and double quirk. 

 . 5. Double bead. 



Pig. 6. Torus. The torus in joinery differs from the 

 bead, in having a fillet 



Fig. 7. Double torus. 



Fig 8. Reeded moulding on the Jge. 



Fig. !>. Reeded moulding on the face, which may 

 apply to bands, architraves, and pilaMer*. 



10. Reeded moulding-, rounds c\linderor staff. 

 Those will apply to columns, or other circular bodies. 



Fig. II. Semicircular flutes, which may apply to 

 bands, pilasters, and columns. 



Th Kditor is iadcfctn} fci (Us ankle 10 Prira XICUOLSOX, Bio. 



