112 



JOINERY. 



1TJ-. 

 1'HTK 



cccxxxvi, 

 Pig. 4. 

 Fig. j. 



Fig. 6. 



Fig. 7. 



Fig. 8. 



Fig. 9. 



Fig. 10. 



Fig. +. No. 1 . A section of two boards at an oblique 

 angle, mitred and glued together, with a block in the 

 angle. No. 2. shews the inner sides of the boards thus 

 fixed. By this method columns are glued up. 



Fig. 5- No. 1. Section of an architrave. As the 

 moulding is generally, if not always glued to the plate or 

 board, the dotted line circumscribing the moulded part 

 shew? the section of the piece to be glued. No. 2. face 

 of the architrave. No. 3. a section of the architrave be- 

 fore it is moulded. No. 4. a front of the same. No. 5. 

 a section of the same to a reduced size, with the button 

 and nail, shewing the manner in which the two parts 

 are glued together. No. 6. shews the back of the ar- 

 chitrave with the buttons. The black dots shew the 

 heads of the nails. The buttons are used, in order to 

 bring the two surfaces which are glued together in con- 

 tact, after the pieces' have been set and held together, 

 and are afterwards knocked off wherf the glue becomes 

 dry, and then the moulding is stuck, as shewn by the 

 section, No. 1. and elevation, No. 2. 



Fig. 6. Shews the method of glueing up a solid niche 

 in wood. No. 1. is the elevation. Here the work is 

 constructed in the same manner as if it were stone or 

 brick, except that the joints are all parallel to the plane 

 of the base ; for it is difficult to make a joint with cur- 

 ved surfaces, as would necessarily be the case if they 

 all tended to the centre of the sphere. No. 2. and No. 

 3. shew the two bottom courses, where the vertical joints 

 are made to break, and not to fall in the same planes. 

 This is distinctly seen in the elevation, No. 1. 



Fig. 7- Shews the manner of glueing veneers together, 

 so as to form a cylindrical surface. This is done by nail- 

 ing brackets to a board, with their faces upward's, and 

 their ends perpendicular, leaving a cavity sufficient for 

 the veneers and wedges between the ends. In No. 1. 

 the thin part in the form of an arc shews the veneers in 

 the state of being glued, and the wedges are shewn 

 upon the convex side. No. 2. is a section of the board 

 and bracket. The veneers ought to be heated before a 

 large fire, and the glue laid on the surfaces that are to 

 come in contact as hot as possible, to prevent the glue 

 from setting, observing to glue only a small portion at 

 a time, and then wedge it up. When the glue is dry, 

 the wedges must be slackened, and the veneers, which 

 will then form one solid, taken out. 



Fig. 8. Shews a very strong method of forming a con- 

 cave surface, by laying the veneer upon a cylinder, and 

 backing it with blocks in the form of bricks, which are 

 glued to the convex side of the veneers, and to each 

 other. The fibres of the blocks must be as nearly pa- 

 rallel as possible to the fibres of the veneers. No. 1. 

 shews a section of the cylinder, veneer, and blocks. 

 No. 2. shews the convex side of the blocks. 



Fig. 9. Shews another method of glueing veneers to- 

 gether with cross pieces screwed to a cylinder, the ve- 

 neers being placed between the cross pieces and the cy- 

 linder. 



Fig. 10. Shews the method of glueing up columns in 

 eight staves or pieces, the whole being glued together 

 in the manner of Figure 4. We must here observe, 

 that the workman must be careful to keep the joints out 

 of the flutes ; for being in the fillets, there will be more 

 substance to prevent them from giving way. No. 1. is 

 a section of the column at the top ; and No. 2. a section 

 at the bottom. After being supposed to be glued to- 

 gether, the octagons and mitres must be laid down cor- 

 rectly, in order to form the joints truly. Here are 

 two bevels shewn, one for trying up the mitres, and the 

 other for trying the work when put together. 



Fig. 11. Shews the method of glueing up th'e base off 

 a column, according to the following description. Let ^""""V^*' 

 a course, consisting of pieces of equal lengths, be close- I ' I ; AT 

 ly jointed together upon a plane surface or board, so as jv. X ii* V 

 to be something more than the diameter of the most 

 projecting moulding in the base, then glue the joints 

 firmly together, and plane the tipper surface smooth. 

 Upon this course lay a second, with the same number 

 of pieces as the first, closely jointed at the ends as be- 

 fore, and also to the upper surface of the lower course; 

 glue down one of the pieces, so that the middle of its 

 length may fall upon the joint of the two under pieces ; 

 then the others being glued on successively till the 

 space is closed, a third may be repeated jn the same 

 manner. The horizontal joints of these courses must 

 be so regulated, as to fall at the junction of two mould- 

 ings, forming a re-entering angle. When the glue is 

 thoroughly hardened, the base may be sent to be turn- 

 ed. A base, glued up in this manner, will stand much 

 better than one which has the fibres of the wood per- 

 pendicular. No. 1 . is the plan of the base. The whole 

 lines directed to the centre, shew the joints of the up- 

 per course ; and the dotted lines tending to the same 

 point, shew the joints of the course below. 



Fig. 12. Shews the method of glueing up the modern Fig. 12. 

 Ionic capital. No. 1. is the plan exhibiting the man- 

 ner of placing the blocks. No. 2. is the elevation of the 

 same. The plan is here inverted. 



Fig. 13. Shews the manner of glueing up the Corin- pig. 13^ 

 thian capital for curving of the leaves. No. 1 . is the 

 plan inverted. No. 2. the elevation. The abacus is 

 glued up in the same manner as the Ionic capital, Fig. 

 12. 



Fig. 14. Is the method of forming acylindrical surface, Fig. 14, 

 without veneers, by equidistant parallel grooves, and 

 by inserting slips of wood in the grooves. No. 1. e\* 

 hibits the elevation, and No. 2. the plan. 



Fig. 15. Shews the method of forming a conic body. Fig. 15. 

 The theory of this is no more than covering the frus- 

 trum of a cone ; the covering is formed by two con- 

 centric arcs, and terminated at the ends by the radii ; 

 the radius of the one arc is the whole slant side of the 

 cone, that of the other is the slant side of the part cut 

 off. Here the grooves are all directed to the centre, 

 and filled in with slips of wood glued as before, the 

 semicircle ABC below, is the plan : the arc HI must 

 be equal to the semicircumference ABC. 



Fig. 16. Is the same for a smaller segment. Fig. 16. 



Fig. 17. Shews the method of glueing up a sphere Fig. IT, 

 or globe, by the same method. No. 1 . the face of the 

 piece ; No. 2. the edge, shewing the depth of the 

 grooves ; No. 3. shews the mould for forming the 

 pieces to the true curvature ; No. 3. exhibits the faces 

 of two pieces put together. 



Circular headed sash frames in cirpular walls. The 

 principle of a circular headed sash frame in a circular 

 wall, depends upon the section of a cylinder, and, the 

 developement of the surface as cut by another cylin- 

 der. In the formation of the radial bars, two of the 

 sides are parallel planes, and the edges are portions of 

 cylindrical surfaces, contained between the exterior and 

 interior faces of the wall. To form the cylindrical sur- 

 faces of the concave and convex sides of the radial 

 bars, it will be necessary to be informed, that the 

 curves which direct the shape of the edges are portions 

 of two different ellipses, formed by cutting two dif- 

 ferent cylindrical surfaces contained between the two 

 sides of the cylindrical wall, and concentric therewith 

 by two parallel planes, inclined at the same angle as the 



