I P H 



230 



I P S 



:us of certain priests of his acquaintance, whom Felix' had 

 II sent thither to take their trial before tlir EmpiTor. He 

 Iterates. wag sn ip wre cked on his way in the Adriatic Sea ; and 

 ~~V"' was one of 80 out of GOO, who were saved by a vessel 

 of Cyrene, which providentially came in sight after 

 their own had pone down. Upon landing at Puteoli, 

 he became acquainted with one of his countrymen, an 

 actor of plays, and a favourite of Nero, through whose 

 interest he was enabled to accomplish the object of his 

 iourney. After his return to Judea, he found the na- 

 tion in general ripe for an insurrection against the Ro- 

 man government, and exerted his utmost endeavours 

 to dissuade his fellow-citizens from so desperate an en- 

 terprize. Upon the breaking out of the war, he was 

 appointed to the chief command in Galilee, where he 

 distinguished himself by his able and prudent manage- 

 ment of affairs, in a period of general insubordination. 

 Upon the arrival of Vespasian in that quarter, he was 

 unable to withstand the Roman legions, and was close- 

 ly besieged in the city of Jotapata. After a resolute 

 defence of seven weeks, he was compelled to take re- 

 fuge, with forty of his most determined followers, in a 

 cave, where for some time they endured the greatest 

 privations ; and at length, seeing no prospect of escape, 

 adopted the resolution of putting one another to death, 

 rather than surrender to the Romans. Finding it im- 

 possible to divert his companions from their desperate 

 purpose, he persuaded them to decide, by drawing lots, 

 the order in which they should be put to deatli ; till at 

 last only he and another remained alive, whom he pre- 

 vailed upon to submit with himself to the conquerors. 

 He was highly favoured by Vespasian, whose future 

 accession to the empire he had confidently foretold ; 

 nor was he less kindly treated by Titus, whom he at- 

 tended during the siege of Jerusalem, and from whom 

 he obtained the freedom of many friends and acquaint- 

 ances at the destruction of the Jewish capital. He ac- 

 companied his patron to Rome, where he obtained from 

 the Emperor an annual pension for his support, and 

 was also honoured with the privilege of a Roman citi- 

 zen. He experienced similar protection under Titus 

 and Domitian, and enjoyed full leisure for the prosecu- 

 tion of his literary labours. He wrote, in Greek, " The 

 History of the Jewish War," in seven books, which 

 Titus approved by his own signature, and commanded 

 to be placed in the imperial library ; " the Antiquities 

 of the Jews," in twenty books, in which he has accom- 

 modated the sacred history too much to the taste of the 

 Gentiles, from a wish to recommend his unhappy coun- 

 trymen to the favour of the Greeks and Romans ; " Two 

 Books against Appion" of Alexandria, an enemy of the 

 Jewish people ; " An Account of his own Life ;" and 

 " A Discourse on the Empire of Reason," or the mar- 

 tyrdom of the Maccabees, which is esteemed the most 

 eloquent of his works. He proposed also to compose a 

 treatise on the Jewish opinions and laws, which there 

 is no appearance of his having ever accomplished ; and 

 in whicli he was perhaps interrupted by his want of 

 encouragement under Nerva and Trajan, and his remo- 

 val frome Rome to Judea, which seems to have taken 

 place between the 56th or 6'0th year of his age. 



He was a man of great learning, singular abilities, 

 and reputable character ; and, in what regards the trans- 

 actions of his own times, may be considered as an im- 

 partial, accurate, and candid historian. The best edi- 

 tion of his works is that by Havercamp, published at 

 Amsterdam in 1727, in two volumes folio, (g) 

 IPECACUANHA. See MATERIA MEDICA. 

 1PH1CRATES. See ATHENS. 



IPSWICH, formerly GirrEswif n, is a burgh town 

 of England, and principal town of the coiii'tv of Suf- 

 folk. It is situated on the siite of a hill, on ll'e northern 

 bmik of the river Orwell, and is abou^one mile long, 

 and 3-4ths of a mile broad, forming a portion of a circle 

 round the bend of the river. The town is ancient, but 

 well built ; and the principal streets are clean, and well 

 paved and lighted. Some of the houses are adorned, 

 both externally and internally, with carved and stuc- 

 coed devices. The principal public buildings and es- 

 tablishments are the town-hall, the shire-hall, a new 

 county jail, a palace belonging to the bishop of Nor- 

 wich, an hospital, a market place, a custom house, and 

 a good library: The town-hall, whieh was formerly 

 the parish church of St. Mildred's, is a very ancient 

 building ; and adjoining to it is a spacious council, 

 chamber, with kitchens, &c. underneath. The walls, 

 and the brick gate- way, are all that remain of Wolsey 

 college, the site of which formerly comprised about six 

 acres of ground. The market-place, which is large 

 and commodious, was finished in 1811 from the designs 

 of Mr. Brown. It consists of a series of buildings, on 

 pillars, arranged round two quadrangular courts, and 

 cost about 10,000. 



The county gaol is an admirable building. Its 

 boundary wall, which encloses 1^ acres of ground, is 

 20 feet high . The prison consists of four wings, having 

 spacious courts, about 75 by 45 feet, and three smaller 

 ones, about 44 feet square. These different courts are 

 seen from the keeper's house in the centre of the pri- 

 son, from which there is an avenue 98 feet long to the 

 turnkey's lodge, upon the top of which the executions 

 take place. The house of correction has an airy situa- 

 tion near the burgh gaol, and has a boundary wall 17 

 feet high, and three court yards, each 50 feet by 30. 

 Besides these public buildings, there is the town and 

 borough gaol in Matthew Street, chapels for the Unita- 

 rians and Anabaptists, an assembly-room in Tavern 

 Street, a custom-house on the quay, which borders the 

 Orwell, and a handsome stone bridge, connecting the 

 town with Stoke Hamlet. 



Besides three charity schools, Ipswich has a school 

 on Lancaster's plan, which was opened on the 8th July 

 1811 with 200 boys. 



There are at present twelve parish churches in Ips- 

 wich, viz. St. Clement, St. Helen, St. Lawrence, St. 

 Margaret, St. Mary at Elms, St. Mary at Kay, St. Mary 

 at Stoke, St. Mary at Tower, St. Matthew, St. Nicholas, 

 St. Peter and St. Stephen. The monastic establish- 

 ments were once numerous, but nothing more than their 

 names have been preserved. 



About a mile from the town is a good race course, 

 which was sold in 1811 to several private individuals; 

 andextensive barracks, capable of accommodating 10,000 

 or 1'2,000 men, have lately been erected for infantry 

 and cavalry. 



Extensive manufactories of broad-cloth and sail- 

 cloth, were formerly carried on in this town, but they 

 have long since declined ; and malting, and spinning 

 for the merchants of Norwich, are the only ones which 

 are carried on The < hief trade of the town, which is 

 still considerable, consists in malting and corn, and has 

 the accommodation of a port and a quay ; great quanti- 

 ties of wheat, and other grain, are annually shipped for the 

 London market ; a considerable timber trade was car- 

 ried on for the use of the royal dock-yards, particular, 

 ly Chatham; ship- building still flourishes, from build- 

 ing yards being attached to the port ; the Greenland 

 fishery is prosecuted with success ; and though the coaj 



