I S L 



319 



I S M 



U!y. cur in Killarow and Kildalton, and great quantities of 

 w V"' sea weed are thrown ashore for the purposes of kelp 



and manure. 



Agriculture. The principal crops in Islay fire barley, oats, flax, 

 potatoes, beans, peas; and even hemp, wheat and every 

 species of green crop are crown. The cultivation of wheat 

 was introduced by the late Mr. Campbell of Shawfield, 

 and eonskLTable quantities are now raised annually by 

 several of the more opulent tenants. Several thousand 

 boll* of potatoes, and considerable quantities of barley 

 are exported annually. Nearly 3034 acres are occupied 

 by the potatoe crops, upon which alxmt 60,680 bolls 

 are raited at an average. There are no more sheep 

 kept in hlay than what are necessary to supply the 

 island with wool and mutton. It is necessary, indeed, 

 to import considerable quantities of wool. 



The principal wealth of the uUnd convict* of Mack 

 cattle, of which the following numbers were exported 

 1801 to 1807. 



which give* an annual average of 96104, tn * value of 

 which at 7 per head, will be I 1 IMS*. The best 

 part of the saleable cattle ere exported to Dumbarton, 

 Falkirk, and the lowland markets. If we suppose the 

 quantity of cattle exported to be only Jth, this will 

 give 10,56? as the stock of Islay. The cattle exported 

 are generally three-year old bollocks, ami yield heifers 

 and cows. The number of cattle in the possession nf 

 gentlemen farmers in Iilay is about 6795, the luimdn. 

 der, viz ::?f>7, belonging to the tenants and cuttan. 

 In 1810, the number of milk cows was 1357. 



Islay also exports eoneklcnbU number* of hern*. 

 The Irnh dealers buy the refnse of them, amounting 

 from I?) to ISO annually, at from 7 to 18 each. 

 The number annually exported, amounts to between 850 

 and 300. 



*****- 'I lie principal articles of manufacture in Tslay arc 

 *"" linen yarn and kelp. Betides the quantities manufac- 



tured and used in the island, about 5000 worth of 

 linen yarn has been exported annually during the years 

 between ITfXTand IM :. 'I he manufacture and i-iilti- 

 vation of flax was slo encouraged by Mr. Campbell, 

 who built flax milk for thi purpose. As the extent 

 of the coast of May is nearly 200 miles, it might have 

 been expected that a great quantity of kelp would have 

 been raised hi the inland. Owing, however, to the small 

 height of the tides, end the ragged nature of the coast, 

 only aboMfOOtona are manufactured annually. Allthe 

 tenant* were permitted to make kelp upon their farm*, 

 the proprietor restricting himself to the receipt of one 

 third of i > when it was sold. 



Fatta* A weekly packet, which is a sloop of 50 or 60 ton*, 



sails from Portascaig to Tarbtt in Kintyre, for let* 

 ters, newspapers, and passenger* ; and two regular 

 packet* trade at all season* between Bowmore and 

 Greeuock. The fishermen often carry orer to the coast 

 of Ireland, cargoes of stenlock, which they sell under 

 the name of wild salmon 



bass. The late Mr. Campbell built the two thriving vOU- 

 ge* of Bowmore and Portnahaven ; and, by his liberal 

 poHcy, many hundred acres round these vill 

 were merely peat morse*, are now regularly ulxli\ idetl 

 and enrloMd, and covered with the finest crop*. There 

 i a market for hornes at Bowmore, on the fim week of 

 Angvst, which is rhirfly frequented by Irih dealers. 

 The population of Bowmore in 1 80S, was 305 males 



and 365 females, making in all 670. The number of 

 scholars at the parish school was li'-i, who were taught 

 Latin, English, arithmetic, book-keeping, navigation, 

 &c. At Portnahaven, there are 2ft families of fishermen. 



About 40 years ago there was no carriage road, and Koad*. 

 only two or three carts on the whole inland; but in 

 1808, there were 90 miles of carriage road in different 

 directions, and above 500 carts. 



The quadrupeds, according to Mr. Pennant, beside Animals, 

 the domestic animals, are weasels, otters, and d;irk co- 

 loured hares. The birds are eagles, penguins, falcons, 

 moor-fowl, ptarmigans, red breasted goosanders, wild 

 geese, ducks, herons, Stc. and tlte fish are plaise. smear- 

 dab, large datw, mullets, ballans, lump-fish, and some- 

 times the lepadogaster of M. Gouan. 



From the dominion of the- Danes and Norwegians, History. 

 Islay came into the possession of the Lords of the N!"-. 

 who kept it till the ici:ni of Jaroes III. When their 

 powers were abolished, the Macdonalds, their descend- 

 ants, became the proprietors of it. In consequence of 

 an invasion of the inland by the Macleans and Macleods, 

 countenanced by James VI. Sir James Macdonald, the 

 proprietor, was defeated. He escaped to Spiin, and, 

 having received a pardon, returned in Hi-'O. The pro- 

 perty of Islay was then transferred to Sir John (.'amp- 

 bell "of Calder, a great court favourite, on condition of 

 his paying 600 per annum of feu-duty. 



A great part of Islay, which was possessed from 1626 

 to 1717 by the famiK r, was sold to Mr. Camp- 



bell ofSfcawt'.eld in 1 7 1 7 for 1 2,000, including a part 

 of Jura; and in 1788, the late Mr. Campbell bought 

 another part of the island l'..r (.10,000: to that 'de- 

 ducting the Mim which he received by selling the part 

 . the purchase money of Islay may be stated at 

 1 5,000. The rents in 1 77!) were 2700, and in 1 807 

 they exceeded 1 1,000. Mr. Campbell, the grandson 

 of the late proprietor, possesses the whole island, ex- 

 cepting two larrrn, which belong to Mr. Campbell of 

 rUllinaby. 



Huge trunks of oak, sycamore, and Kirch, are found 

 in the peat motue*, the remains no doubt of the " maney 

 woods" which, in I.'MMI, Dean Monroe describes the 

 ! ai possessing. Sec Mncdonald's Gtneral View 

 of the .4gricnltirre of l/ie Ildn-idf.*, .Ippentiur, p. (i I '2. 

 Edin. 1811, to which we have Ivrn indebted for the 

 principal ii. formation in this article. 



ISl'r or FlUKCfe S/c MM K; , 



I.M MI- 



I - 1 . 1 N ( . I < ) V - 



' \ 1 1., or ISMAII.EV, is a town of European Tur- 

 key, in the province of Bem>arabi:i. It i situated on the 

 left bank of the Danube, and extends about h.ilt'a mile 

 along the river, and about a mile towards the land. It 

 wa* fortified with eight bastions, the ramparts being 

 from 18 to 95 feet in height, and the moat from 30 

 to 40 feet deep. Horizontal batteries and ramparts de- 

 fend the side next the water, and near the town was a 

 cavalier of rttone work, capable of holding some- thou- 

 sand men. This town was taken by storm b\ 

 Kumian* under General Suwarrow, on the 22d De- 

 cember 17iK), after having experienced several checks, 

 and lost 1O.OOO men. The Turkish garrison, amount- 

 ing to 30.OOO, were massacred in cold blood, and the 

 city given over to the unbridled licentiousness cf the 

 soldier*. No fewer than 230 pieces of cannon were 

 taken, 815 standard*, 10,(KO horses, and a great deal 

 of other booty, to the value often millions of piasters. 



n Mttiic, a term anciently uwd lor the Key- 

 note, or fundmnenta) of piece of mutic, called also the 



