ITALY. 



SGI 



PART II. STATISTICS OF ITALY. 



t frtti^rr^ ITALY is bounded on the north and north-west, by 

 - -~ the Alpi ; on the ca-t. by llie Adriatic Iva, or Gulp'h 



ffcuiiiliiiii of Venice; on the west, by the Tuscan Sea; and on 

 the south, by the Ionian Sea. Its boundaries are thus 

 strongly marked, and its situation entirely peninsular, 

 being washed on all tides by the waves of the Mediter- 

 ranean sea, except on the northern frontier, where it is 

 separated by the lofty barrier of the Alpine ridge from 

 France, Switzerland, and Germany. 



Extent. It* fonn is usually compared to that of a boot ; it 



extends, in an oblique direction from north-west to 

 south-east, from 47" to 37 45' of north latitude. Its 

 length from Mount Rosa, the highest summit of the 

 Italian Alps, to Cape de Leuca, is about (*70 British 

 mile* ; and its breadth varies from 100 to 200 miles. 



It was anciently, known by a variety of names, ori- 

 ginally appropriated to particular provinces, but in 

 process of time, applied to the whole country, espe- 

 cially by the poets. It was named Saturnia, from Sa- 

 turn ; Latium, from the Latini ; Auionia, from the Au- 

 aones ; Venotria, from a tribe settled between Paestum 

 and Tarentum ; Heperi, from its western situation in 

 respect of Greece; and Italia, from I talus, a prince un- 

 known in history. 



In all periods of its history it has been divided into 



. i: ,. 



three great portions, namely, the northern, called 



rehendin 

 b 

 rians, succeeded by 



GaUia C iaalpina, comprehending the provinces between 



mprehendtng the provinces between 

 the Alps and the Rubicon, originally peopled by Illy- 

 ' " ' Gernvm-Giuli ; the central, call- 

 ed Italia Propria, comprehending all the 

 , as far south a* Capua, the inhabitants 



states of Etru- 



na. as far south as Capua, the inhabitants of which are 

 supposed to have been of Lydian extraction ; and the 



n, called Magna Grecia, comprising the pro- 

 adjacent to Greece and Sicily, and peopled at 

 first by the Pelasgi from the Peloponnesus. 



Gallia Ciaalpina, afterwards called Togata, from its 

 inhahstsnti being permitted to wear the toga as Roman 

 citizens, contained the following tribes. I. Ligures, 

 who occupied the preater part of the districts of Nice, 

 Piedmont, Montserrat, Genoa, Modena and Parma, 

 and whose principal towns were Genua, Nica-a, Portus 

 Herculis. and Mona-ci. 2. Taurini, who occupied a 

 part of Piedmont lying between the Alps and the river 

 ,-om its *oorce to the river Oreo, and whose chief 

 town was Augusta Taurinorum, now Turin. 3. Insu- 

 brea, who occupied the northern portion of the dutchy 

 of Milan, and whose principal towns were Mediolanura 

 and Ticinnra. 4. Cenomanni, who occupied both sides 

 of the river Scvinu, mid whose towns were Bruxia, Cre- 

 mona, Bedrttcumfvnd Mantua. 5. Euganei, who were 

 settled at the bottom of the Adriatic Gulph. and whose 

 towns were Tredentum and Verona, fi. Veneti, who 

 possessed the country along the cont of the Adriatic, 

 from the mouth of the I'o to that of the Taiamento, of 

 which the chief towns were Patnviura, Ar]uilcu, and 

 Forum JuKi. 7. Istri, who inhabited a tract alonjr the 

 Mtirn coast of the Adriatic, between the river Tila- 

 veroptus, and the promontory of Polaticum, whose 

 principal towns were Aquileia and Tergeste. 8. Boii, 

 who inhabited the countries around Bononia and Mu- 

 tina, (Bologna and Modem.) 



Italia I'ropria, under which is commonly included 



VOL. XII. PART I. 



the other division of Magna Grecia, contained, in this Statistics. 

 more extended sense, all the other provinces of the v< " "V""' 

 country, namely, 1. Etruria or Tyrrhenia, lying be- 

 tween the river Maera, the Appenine Mountains, the 

 Tiber and the Tuscan Sea, was anciently divided into 

 twelve districts, and contained the towns of Pisa;, Luca, 

 Florentia, Fesulse Portus Herculis, Liburni (Leghorn) 

 Sena, Arretium, Centum Cellze (Civita Vecchia), &c. 

 C J. I'mbria, the supposed territory of the most ancient 

 people of Italy, lying between the Rubicon, the Adria- 

 tic, the Tiber, and an imaginary line from the mouth 

 of the JEsis to Ocriculum, and divided by the Appe. 

 nines into two portions, the Cisappenine, or Mari- 

 time Umbria, and the Transappenine, or Hither Um- 

 bria, contained, in the former division, Arniinium, Pi- 

 saurum, BustaGallorum,(Bastia,)Urbinum, Senogallia ; 

 and, in the latter, Nuceria, Spoletium, Narnia, Inte- 

 ramnium, Ooriculum. 3. Picenum, a fruitful territory 

 between Umbria and the river Avemus (Pescara), 

 containing Ancona, Firmum, Asculum. 4. Sabinum, 

 west of Picenum, between the Tiber, the Nar, and the 

 Anio, containing Fidenae, Cures, Crusturaerium. 5. 

 Latium, along the coast of the Tuscan Sea, extending 

 south from the Tiber to the promontory of Circaeum, 

 anciently inhabited by the /Kqui, Volsci, Hernici, Ru- 

 tuli, fit. and containing Roma, Ostia, Ardea, Tuscu- 

 lum, Praneste, Alba. Tibur, Antium, Anxur, Mintur- 

 MF. 6. Campania, extending along the Tuscan shore, 

 from Sinuessa to the river Sil.irus, and bounded on the 

 east and north by Samnium, and containing Capua, 

 Litcrnum, Baiir, Puteoli, Ncapplis, Herculaneum, 

 Pompeii, Surrentum, Nola?, Casilinum, Venagrum. 

 7. Samnium, lying on both sides of the Appriiinos, 

 east from Campania, and bounded on the north by La- 

 tium, on the east by the Adriatic, and on the south by 

 Apulia, contained Beneventum, Bovianum, Saticula, 

 Caudium. 8. Apulia, called also Daunia, east of Sam* 

 niuin, and bounded by the Fronto on the north, the 

 Adriatic on the cast, and Calabria on the south, con- 

 tained Arpi, Uria, Luceria, Asculum, Canusium, Venu- 

 sia, Fercntum. ;. Calabria, called also Mcssapia and 

 Japygis, a peninsula running out into the Ionian Sea, 

 contained Brundusium, Hydruntum, Castrum Miner- 

 ve, Salentiniim, I.c-ucs, Tarentum, Callipolij. 10. Lu- 

 cania, between the Tarcntine Gulph and Tuscan Sea, 

 contained Pa-stum, or Po-Muni.-i. Forum Popilii, Po- 

 tcntia, Anxia, Metapontum, Heraclca, Sybaris, Velia. 

 1 1 . Brutium, a peninsula southol'Lucania, divided by the 

 Appenines into twomaritimc tracts, called sometimes Ca- 

 liibria Citra and Ultra, contained Pandofi.i, Scyllasum, 

 Hhegium, Croton, Mctaurum, Mamcrtum, 1'ctelia, &c, 



Tlirough these ancient districts end towns, high- 

 ways from the capital were formed at different periods 

 of the Kon-.in empire, of whii-h the most remarkable 

 were, Via Appia, constructed by Appius Cloclius, the 

 most ancient of the Koinnn roads, passing through Fo- 

 rum Appii, Fumli, Mintuma?, and Sinuess.i to Capua, 

 and thence throuiili Caudium, Beneventum, Canusium, 

 and Barium, to BrundiiMiini ; Via Flaminia, leading 

 through Etruria and Umbria to Arminiuni, passed by 

 the towns of Ocriculum, Xarnia, Fulginum, Forum 

 Flaminii, Callin, Forum Sempronii, and 1'csaurum; Via 



2z 



