374 



ITALY. 



Suuti.-. formances as engaging the admiration only of the person 

 " -Y*' represented, or of the pnintcr himself; and those who 

 are able to pay the best artists, generally employ them 

 on subjects more universally interesting. Among the 

 works of the sculptor most worthy of attention, may be 

 mentioned the statues of Modesty and of the Saviour, 

 in the sepulchre of the family of San Severe at Naples 



of Adonis nd Venus in the garden of Palazzo Ber- 



rio of Ilerc-ules, by Glycon, in the university of the 

 celebrated Farnesian bull, in the royal garden the 

 basso relievos in the square of Puteoli or Puzzuolo the 

 fine sculptures of Puget at Genoa the colossal statue 

 of St. Charles Boromeo, on a hill near Arona, which is 

 about 70 feet high, on a pedestal of 40 feet and a 

 bronze statue, about 17 feet in height, in the market 

 place of Burletta, supposed to have been designed to 

 represent the En.peror Heraclius. 



Arehitec- The modern buildings of Italy are extremely nume- 

 tuie - rous, and generally beautiful. The grand colonnade 



of the Vatican is one of the most extensive and beauti- 

 ful specimens of the pillared-portico in the world ; and 

 the galleries of Vjcenza and Bologna, of the arcade 

 style. The cathedrals of Florence and Milan excel in 

 magnitude ; and those of St. Georgio at Venice, and 

 Sta. Giustina at Padua, are distinguished for internal 

 beauty. The churches, and particularly the cathedrals, 

 present striking instances of architectural elegance, and 

 each of them contains a chapel of the holy sacrament, 

 which is almost universally of exquisite workmanship 

 and splendid decorations. One-half of the Italian 

 churches are imperfectly finished on the outside, in 

 consequence of their founders wanting funds to com- 

 plete their plans, and the buildings having thus been 

 carried on at different periods. The palaces also are 

 frequently, in their exterior, deficient in strict architec- 

 tural beauty, but well furnished with marbles, statues, 

 and paintings. It has, however, been said of Italy, with 

 truth, that no country possesses so many specimens both 

 of good and of bad architecture. Among the most noted 

 of the modern structures may be mentioned at Rome, 

 the churches of St. Peter, St. Clement, St. Martin, St. 

 Sylvester, St. Lawrence, St. John Lateran, St. Paul ; 

 the palaces of the pontiff in the Quirinal Lateran and 

 Vatican; of the families Barberini, Odescalchi, Farnesi, 

 Braschi, Borghese, Medici, Ruspoli, Orsini, Giustiniani, 

 Altieri, Ciciaporci, Corsini, CostagutU Dona in Corso, 

 and Spada Colonna ; the piazzas of Ravenna, Colonna, 

 Monte Citorio ; the villas Albani and Borghese. At 

 Naples, (where the churches are deficient in architec- 

 tural taste, but superior in the riches which they con- 

 tain ) the cathedral of St. Paul, and of Spirito Santo ; 

 the sepulchral chapel of the family of San Severe ; the 

 theatre of San Carlo, the most spacious and magnificent 

 in the world; and innumerable palaces, which, like 

 the churches, are encumbered with ornaments. At 

 Genoa, the palaces of Durazzo and Doria, the Hospi- 

 tal and Albergo Dei Poveri, and the moles of the har- 

 bour. At Venice, the churches of St. Marco, Salute, 

 de Redemptore, St. Georgio Maggiore, the chapel of 

 the Virgin and Mausoleums in the church of St. Gio- 

 vanni and Paolo ; the ducal palace, the piazzo of St. 

 Marco, the bridge of Rialto, and the arsenal. At Pa- 

 dua, the abbey of St. Giustina, planned by Palladio ; 

 the church of II Santo, with its beautiful chapel ; the 

 town-hall, the largest in Europe, being 312 feet in 

 length, 108 in breadth, and 108 in height; and the 

 castle of Obizzi in the vicinity of the town. At Ve- 

 rona, the churches of the Franciscan Friars, and St. 

 Zeno; the beautiful chapel of St. Bernardino, Gran 



Guardia, and Museo Lapidario. At Vicenza, where Statistics. 

 Palladio was a native and Guilder, the public edifices ^~~Y~ m *' 

 display great taste, of which the most distinguished are 

 tlie palaces della Ragione, and del Capitaneo, and many 

 others of unusual magnificence, superior in design, 

 though inferior in magnitude, to those of Genoa ; the 

 gate of the Campus Martius, the villa of Marches!, the 

 triumphal arch leading to the church on Monte Berrio, 

 and the Olympic theatre, constructed in imitation of the 

 ancient theatres. At Florence, the cathedral, inferior 

 in magnitude only to the Vatican, the churches of St. 

 Lorenzo, Sta. Maria Novella, and Santo Croce; the 

 mausoleum of the Medicean family ; the Ponte della 

 Trinita, one of the most beautiful bridges in Europe ; 

 and the gallery of paintings, next to that of the Vatican. 

 At Pisa, the church of Santa Maria della Spina, a cu- 

 rious specimen of the Gotico-Moresco style of architec- 

 ture, and the cathedral, which is a still finer structure 

 in the same style, with its baptistry, belfry, and cemetery. 

 At Cremona, the church of St. Pietro al Po, the bap- 

 tistry near the cathedral, and the chapel set apart for 

 the preservation of relics. At Bologna, the church of 

 St. Salvador, and especially La Madonna di S. Luca, 

 the fountain of the great square, and the brick towers 

 dei Asinelli and de Garisendi, remarkable only for . 

 their height, and deviation from the perpendicular. 

 At Milan, the cathedral, extraordinary for its magni- 

 tude, and the number of its statues; the college of 

 Brera, Ospeclale Maggiore, and the Lazaretto. At 

 Turin, the churches of Corpus Domini, S. Lorenzo, 

 S. Philippo, Neri, Sta. Christina, S. Roco, and the uni- 

 versity. The theatre of Parma, which is formed on 

 the same plan as that of Vicenza ; the chapel and ca- 

 thedral of Forli, the work of Michael Angelo ; the 

 bridges of Cesena, and of Pesaro; the cathedral of 

 Senegaglia ; the abbey of Chiaravalla, about four miles 

 from Pavia; the abbey of Vallombrosa ; the cathedral 

 of Barletta, remarkable for its antique columns of gra- 

 nite ; the cathedral of Bari, the steeple of which is 263 

 feet high ; and the palace of Caserta, which surpasses 

 in size and solidity every royal edifice in Europe, its 

 two principal fronts being 787 feet in length, the other 

 two 6l6, and both of them five stories in height. 



There are magnificent heaps of the remains of anti- Ruinrv 

 quity on the seven hills of ancient Rome, at Paestum, 

 Beneventum, Agrigentum and Selinus; but these ob- 

 jects are not frequent; and, excepting the temple of 

 Tivoli, the amphitheatre and gates of Verona, and 

 two or three triumphal arches, little more appears but 

 vast masses of brick. Until the fifteenth century, the 

 ruins throughout Italy were employed as quarries for 

 modern buildings, particularly for fortifications, with- 

 out the slightest reverence or reflection ; but, in later 

 times, the inhabitants, on the contrary, frequently 

 contribute large sums to preserve and repair the monu- 

 ments of antiquity in their neighbourhood. The, most 

 remarkable of these remains, still visible in Rome, are, 

 the Roman Forum, the Coliseum, the Cloaca Maxima, 

 a work of Tarquinius Priscus, the circus of Caracalla, 

 the Agger Tarquinii in the garden of Villa Negroni, 

 the palace of Maecenas, the arch of Constantine on the 

 Palatine, the mausoleum of Cecilia Metella, the church 

 of St. Agnes, erected by Constantine; the obelisks 

 (especially at the entrance of the Curia Innocenziana, 

 in the Piazzo del Popoli, in the centre of the Colonna. 

 do of St. Peter, and near St. John Lateran) ; the aque- 

 ducts on the Viminal, (now fontana felice), on the 

 brow of the Janiculum (aqua Paola), and the fontana 

 de Trevi, the most magnificent in the world ; the tern- 



