J U D 



386 





Judva, bordering on Arabia Petra?a, afterwards enlarged by 

 "~^V~~^ Trajan, and named Trajana Bostra. And Trachonitis, 

 in 33" 15' North Latitude, between Hermon and Anti- 

 libanus, eastward from the sources of Jordan, and con- 

 taining Baalgad, Mispah, Paneas, or Cicsarea Philippi, 

 and .linos, nearly 25 miles east of Paneas, and as far 

 south-south-west of Damascus. There remains to be 

 Dccapolii. noticed the Decapolis, or confederation of ten cities in 

 the last mentioned districts, which having been occu- 

 pied during the Babylonish captivity by heathen inha- 

 bitants, refused to adopt the Mosaic ritual after the res- 

 toration of the Jews, and found it necessary to unite 

 their strength against the enterprizes of the Asmonean 

 princes. One of them, namely Scythopolis, already 

 described in the account of Samaria, was situated to 

 the west of Jordan ; but the other nine were all to the 

 east of that river, namely, Gadara, or Kedar, a strong 

 place on a hill, the capital of* Peraea iu the time of Jo- 

 sephus, about 60 stadia east from Jhe Sea of Tiberias, 

 and much frequented for its hot-baths ; Hippos, some- 

 times called Susitha, 30 stadia north-west of Gadara ; 

 Dium, or Dion, of which the situation is unknown, but 

 conjectured by D'Anville to have been about seven 

 leagues eastward from Pella, a considerable town sup- 

 plied with copious fountains, on the river Jabok, 14 

 miles south south-east of Gadara, and celebrated as the 

 place to which the Christians retired, by Divine admo- 

 nition, before the destruction of Jerusalem ; Canatha, 

 south-east of Cacsarea, and between the Jordan and 

 Mount Hermon ; Garasa, afterwards Jaras, three leagues 

 north- east from the upper extremity of the Sea of Ti- 

 berias, and much noted during the crusades ; Rabbath- 

 Ammon, the capital of the Ammonites, south-east of 

 Ramoth, and near the source of the Jabok, on the con- 

 fines of Arabia, afterwards called Philadelphia by Pto- 

 lemy Philadelphus, from whom it had received consi- 

 derable improvements, of which the ruins are still visi- 

 ble ; Abila, four leagues east from Gadara, in a fertile 

 track between the river Hieromax and Mount Gilead ; 

 and Capitolias, a town in Batanasa, five or six leagues 

 east north-east of Gadara. 



Face of the Several chains of lofty mountains traverse the Holy 

 """try- Land in a longitudinal direction ; and the country in 

 general may be denominated hilly. Some of the most 

 Mountains, celebrated of these ridges are Gilboa, about six miles 

 westward of Scythopolis, in the province of Samaria ; 

 Hermon, a group of hills north-west of the same town, 

 which environ the sources of the Jordan ; Ephraim, in 

 the south-west corner of the province ; Carmel, a woody 

 and fertile ridge of hills, extending southward from Car- 

 mel promontory towards Sichem, where it assumes the 

 name of Gerizim ; Tabor, an insulated hill, north from 

 the ridge of Hermon, about 15 miles west from the sea 

 of Gennezareth, the summit of which is flat, and about 

 twenty-six stadia in circumference ; Scala Tyriorum, 

 the ladder of the Tyrians, the termination of an eleva- 

 ted ridge of mountains along the coast to the north of 

 Ptolemais ; Gilead, extending nearly from the southern 

 extremity of the sea of Tiberias, in a south-east direc- 

 tion towards Arabia, and covered with a species of 

 trees, which yielded a kind of gum, esteemed greatly 

 as a remedy for wounds; Abarim, a mountainous 

 ridge between Jordan and Hesbon, composed of many 

 tills under different names, as Nebo, where Moses 

 died, Pisgah, Peor, &c. But, though the country is 

 mountainous, it is not abundant in streams. A few ri- 

 vulets water the plains and vallies; but there is only 

 one river that deserves the appellation, namely, the 

 Jordan, or Nahr-el-arden, which originates in Mount 



I V E. 



Hermon, a branch of Antilibanus, about 120 furlongs 

 north of Csesarea Philippi. Running southward, it 

 flows through the lake GenneJfcreth, or Sea of Tiberias 

 and then traversing an extensive plainXiamed Aulon] 

 falls into the southern extremity of the Lacus Asphal- 

 tites, or Dead Sea. A few torrents may be mentioned, 

 which flow chiefly during the rainy or winter season, 

 particularly the Kison, which springs from the south 

 side of Mount Tabor, and, after receiving several brooks, 

 traverses the plain of Esdraelon, and falls into a gulf 

 between Mount Carmel and the point of Acre; the Ar- 

 non, which flows past the principal city of Moab, in a 

 south-west direction, then, turning north-west, falls in- 

 to the Dead Sea ; the Jabok, which flows in. a wester- 

 ly course into the Jordan, a little below the Sea of Ti- 

 berias ; the Hieromax, now Yermuk, which passing 

 Gadara, falls into the Sea of Tiberias ; and the Cedron, 

 which flows close by -the east side of Jerusalem. The Lakes, 

 inland lakes are, Phiala, a small basin near Hermon, 

 which has no perceptible outlet, and has been regarded 

 as the fountain of the Jordan ; Lacus Samochonitis, or 

 Merom, now Bahr-el-houbi, at the conflux of the two 

 branches of the Jordan, between Paneas and the lake of 

 Gennezareth, about 60 stadia in length, and 30 in 

 breadth, but greatly contracted in dry seasons ; the Sea 

 of Tiberias, or Sea of Galilee, or lake of Gennezareth, 

 about 13 miles in length and five in breadth ; and the 

 Lacus Asphaltites, or Dead Sea, now Almotanak, about 

 70 miles in length and 18 in breadth. (See ASPHAL- 

 TITES. ) For the ancient history of Judsea and its in- 

 habitants, see JEWS ; and, for its modern state, see PA- 

 I.ESTINE. See D'Anville's Ancient Geography ; Shaw's 

 Travels in Barbary, &c. vol. ii. ; Clarke's Travels, vol. 

 ii. preface; Well's Scripture Geography, (q) 



IVES, ST. or St. lies, anciently Pendihas, is a 

 burgh and sea-port town of England, in the county 

 of Cornwall. It is situated near the north-east angle 

 of St. Ives Bay, in the Bristol Channel; but the 

 harbour is almost choked up by the shoals of sand 

 driven in by the north-west wind. The town con- 

 sists principally of one long street, dividing itself 

 into two smaller ones at the south end. The church, 

 which is low, though spacious, has a nave and two aisles; 

 and is often covered with spray in high tides and tem- 

 pe&ts, from its proximity to the sea. Slate and pilchards 

 are the principal articles which are exported. The pil- 

 chards are caught in the bay in large quantities ; and 

 when they appear in great shoals, all the inhabitants 

 lend their assistance, and even the church is deserted 

 when they happen to appear on Sunday. The town is 

 governed by a mayor, a recorder, 12 capital, and 24 in. 

 ferior burgesses. St Ives sends two members to par. 

 liament, and the number of voters is about 180. When- 

 ever any person dies at St. Ives worth ten pounds a- 

 year, ten shillings are given to the vicar. There is a 

 good grammar-school here, founded by 'Charles I. Jn 

 1811, the burgh and parish contained 



Inhabited houses . 712 



Families . 74.5 



Do. employed in trade and manufactures 144 



Males 1532 



Females 1749 



Total population 3281 



See the Beauties of England and Wales, vol. ii. p. 501; 

 and Polywhele's History of Cornwall. 



IVES, ST. is a market town of England, in the coun- 

 ty of Huntingdon, and is said to derive its name from 

 Ivo, a Persian bishop, who preached here about the 



