J U N 



396 



I V O 



Juniiu, Busby's proofs, we roust refer our readers to the work JUNO, in the ancient heathen mythology was the 



< tU'i% itl. It~.il I* f\F .. lii,.K li n : t,. i.. ,.,.n*l n*- *K*. . , . 1 ' . I : -1 K . . . r ^ . i rL *-\ .*'. 



Ix-tten "f. 



WOFK jui>^, in LUC ancient neainen mytliology, was the 



it-elf, of which the title is quoted at the end of this ar- daughter of Saturn and Rhea, or Ops, the sifter and 

 t ' c ' c - wife of Jupiter, consequently file chief of the female 



An ingenious publication has lately appeared, in a 

 series of letters, tending to prove that the late Duke of 

 Portland was the author of the Letters of Junius. The 

 hypothesis is founded chiefly on the injuries received 

 by the duke from the ministry of that day, and the 

 frequent allusions in the letters of Junius to the Nullnm 

 Tenipus bill, and other subjects, in which the duke's 

 interest was involved. The subject is treated with 

 considerable ingenuity ; but the evidence is altogether 

 of a presumptive nature, and we must therefore refer 

 our readers to the work itself, for a view of the argu- 

 ments by which the hypothesis is strengthened. 



The latest hypothesis which has been advanced upon 

 this subject, is that which ascribes the letters of Junius 

 to Sir Philip Francis ; and it will be found, we think, 

 that the requisites we have demanded, at the com- 

 mencement of this article, unite in him in a much 

 stronger degree, than in any other candidate who has 

 yet been started. Sir Philip was a clerk in the war 

 office, from 1763 to 1772, in which last year he was 

 dismissed. The last letter received by Mr. Woodfull 

 from Junius, as we have already mentioned, is dated 

 January 19, 1773; and the appointment of Sir Philip, 

 as one of the new council at Fort William, took place 

 in the month of June of that year. The claim ad- 

 vanced for him is chiefly founded upon the coincidence 

 of these and other corresponding dates ; on Sir Phi- 

 lip's acknowledged talents ; his opportunities of in- 

 formation on the subjects discussed in the Letters ; the 

 similarity of his style to that of Junius ; and likewise 

 the similarity of his hand- writing to that of the fa c- 

 similes. These, and many other minute circumstances, 

 have been brought forward in evidence of this claim, 

 which the reader will find stated at large in the works 

 referred to ; and, upon the whole, it appears to us to 

 be by far the most probable which has hitherto been 

 advanced. We must not conceal, however, that Sir 

 Philip, in his answer to an inquiry respecting the 

 truth of this conjecture, by the editor of the Monthly 

 Magazine, speaks of it as a silly, malignant false- 

 hood." We must leave it to our readers to determine 

 lor themselves, whether they will consider this decla- 

 ration as a positive denial of the imputation, or as a 

 mere evasion. In the former case, they would cer- 

 tainly be inclined to pause, even in the face of the 

 strongest evidence ; in the latter, that evidence must 

 be allowed its full weight ; and we should then regard 

 this long agitated question as nearly set at rest. 



See Woodfall's edition of Junius, 1812 ; Mr. Malone's 

 Preface to Hamilton's Parliamentary Lo^ic ; Mr. L. D. 

 Campbell's Life of Boy d, prefixed to "Boyd's works; 

 Mr. Chalmers' Appendix to the Supplemental Apology, 

 and The Author of Junius asccrtaiiial, London 1817; 

 Memoirs of Sir N. Wraxall; Memoirs by a celebrated 

 Literary and Political Character, London, 1814; and 

 An Inquiry concerning the Author of Junius, with refe- 

 rence to the. Memoirs, &c. j Arguments and Facts, demon- 

 strating that the Letters of Junius were u-rillen by John 

 Lewis De Lnlme, c. by Thomas Busby, Mus. Doc. 

 mo ; and Letters to a Nobleman, proving a lute Prime 



ed , Loncl. 18 Hi; A Supplement to Junius identified, 



l?-vt? J-",",^ rgh Keview > No - lvii - P- 9*- = 

 JLNK-SLILON, or J AN Svtox. See JAN 



Juno, 

 Ivory. 



deities, and therefore styled the queer>of heaven 

 She was born in the island of Samos, where she conti- 

 nued to reside during the period of her virginity. 



The character of Juno is represented in no very ami. 

 able light. Her haughty and rebellious disposition is 

 said to have subjected her, in some instances, to the 

 displeasure and chastisement of her husband. She was 

 excessively jealous; but, as it would appear, not with- 

 out reason ; and she punished, with an unrelenting se- 

 verity, Europa, Semele, lo, Latona, and the other la- 

 dies with whom Jupiter indulged himself in the plea- 

 sures of illicit love. 



Juno was the mother of Vulcan, Mars, and Hebe. 

 She was worshipped under the name of Lucina, hav- 

 ing been considered as' presiding over marriages and 

 births. She is usually represented in a chariot drawn 

 by peacocks, with a sceptre in her right hand, and a 

 crown on her head. Homer describes her in a chariot 

 adorned with precious stones, the wheels of which were 

 of ebony, and which was drawn by horses with reins 

 of gold. In her temples at Corinth, she was represent- 

 ed on a throne, with a crown on her head, a pomegra- 

 nate in one hand, and in the other a sceptre, with a cuc- 

 koo on its top. 



As the queen of heaven, her usual attendants were 

 Terror and Boldness, Castor, Pollux, and fourteen 

 nymphs; but her principal attendant and peculiar mes- 

 senger, was Iris, or the Rainbow, the daughter of Thau- 

 mas and Electra. 



A particular festival, called Junonalia, was celebra- 

 ted by the Romans, in honour of Juno, and is fully 

 described by Livy, lib. vii. dec. 3. ( s) 



IVORY is the bony substance of the teeth of ani- 

 mals, but is applied particularly to the tusks of the 

 elephant. Those of the hippopotamus, wild boar, se- 

 veral phocae, and the horn or tooth of the narwhal, pass 

 by the same name. The tusk of the elephant is of a 

 circular or oval shape, some inches thick at the root, 

 and several feet in length, if full grown. It is hollow 

 for a considerable space from its insertion into the jaw, 

 and always tapers to an obtuse extremity. Most tusks 

 are curved, generally more so in proportion to their 

 size; for the smallest brought to this country are per- 

 fectly straight. Naturalists, however, conceive that the 

 curvature of the tusk is not a decisive characteristic of 

 the species of the elephant, but only constitutes a va- 

 riety. Perhaps this is a point meriting further investi- 

 gation ; and it should be attended to, that those call- 

 ed mammoths' tusks, found on the shore of the Icy Sea, 

 are said to be spiral, forming about a volute and a halt; 

 throughout their length. The size of the hollow is 

 various in proportion to the tusk. Jt is- of a conical 

 figure, circular or elliptical, commonly corresponding to 

 the exterior outline of the whole ; and, indeed, it is to ' 

 be observed, that all the lines and layers, observed in a 

 transverse section, have a relation to the external cir- 

 cumference of the tusk. Thus it is probable, that these 

 peculiarities depend on the original conformation of the 

 pulpy nucleus occupying the cavity. In small tusks, 

 the upper part of the hollow is totally lost in the solid, 

 being scarcely perceptible, or forming only a dark 

 shade. In those of larger size, it diminishes to an 

 aperture 'of a line or less in diameter at its termination 

 on the outside at a short distance fro:n the tip. It is 

 technically called the nerve on assuming the latter ap- 



