J U R 



401 



J U R 



ibout one inch long, and like a sewing thread, and oc- 

 casions great pain, by insinuating it>clt' under the skin, 

 and working its way from place to place. 



The only fruits in the isT.md are sloes. The berries 

 of the mountain ash yield an acid, and a spirit is also 

 distilled from them. The Galtum rerntis, called rhu, af- 

 fords a fine red dye ; a bright yellow is obtained from 

 the juice of the heath tops ; a dark brown from the 

 roots of the water lily ; and a black from the roots of 

 the yellow wtter iris. 



VOUgt and The only village on the island is called Jura. It is 

 hvtoon. situated on the east coast, and is inhabited by fishermen. 

 There is afe harbour, called the Harbour of the small 

 Isles, within >ix mili-s of the Sound of I-slay ; and se- 

 veral miles to the northward, there is a roadstead called 

 Lowlandtnan's Bay. 



Mintralo- The itland at' Jura is composed of strata of mica slate, 

 gjf. chlorite slate, numerous varieties of quartz-rock, and 



brdi of hr.rnbiende-rock. The quartz-rock is that 

 which form the principal ingredient in the striking 

 mountain named the Paps of Jura. Sometimes the 

 quart* rock has a conglomerated character, or it ap- 

 pears parsing into granite ; nd we find it exhibiting 

 all those which tome theori*ti 



consider a confined to granite. A quartzose slate is 

 u*ed a* a whet-tone, and the i-land is said to contain 

 some ore* of iron and \ mganese i 



Aatkjuiun. 



and castella? ; and near 

 is a considerable en- 

 f defence, and regular 

 i population of Jura hi 

 i'i tfie Hebride* ; 

 bridci ; and Jameson's 



lie name of the parish 

 1 three small uninhabi- 



' . 



Jura contain** nevera 

 the Harbour of 

 ompmrnt, w th a trt| 



See 

 Macdonakft Accrual i 



.11 



which include* these t 

 Scarba, I.uga, Bali. :id 



tld i*land* on the i 



-ituated directly north of Iilay, nearly 



at the aante distance from it and from Jura. ' It is *e- 



prfratfd .-\t hi/li w.itcr t'ni;-i ( >r,,: -n 1 y an ,-irm !" the 



M, about a mile broad, and from 8 leep ; but 



at low water they I- !. The united 



length of Colonsay a ay i abou- miles, 



ana their breadth varies from one to itm r miles. Their 



boot 90OO S, ..tch acres, of which 



meadow or arable I 



The I >lon*ay are scattered over the iland, 



and MOT of them exceed 800 feet high. The island 

 contain* many fertile and pr .ev.illies. The 



oil i* in tome place* light and sandy, and the-e alternate 

 with mooriih or mo*y ground, clay, gravel, loam or 

 till. The roeis dip from south- wr.it to north-east. 

 Black talc i* found in detached plates, and in indurated 

 cly glimmer, of quartz, and 



an imperfect granite, No , 



Mr. Macneill. the r*' ' ietor of Colonsay, 



jl improve- 



itotheM.irvl. He ha* 

 not on I v turiMd to UM be*t account the land formerly 

 in tillage, but he ha* reclaimed from a rtate of ab-olute 

 ** it monei, 



mi! r..m. rl, ' t, . .., , L -,H.,| irahte !..i.(l. He ha, ill. 

 troduccd the improved - , into the 



ami IIM crop- have been 



ompctent judge*, among tin- be,t in the 

 of Scotland. Road* to a considerable extent have 

 made at hi* own expence ; and he has built a quay 



PART II. 



at Port-na-feamuinn harbour, which was the only safe Jur*. 

 landing-place in the neighbourhood. s p ~y~*' 



From 120 to lb'0 tons of kelp have been manufactu- 

 red annually in the island ; and as the tides rise here 

 four or five feet higher than at Islay, on the opposite 

 coast of Kintyre, the shores are more favourable for the 

 production of kelp. 



Flax is dressed and spun by the women and girls, 

 and is wove into linen, so as to afford a profitable em- 

 ployment in winter to the inhabitants. The valued 

 rent of Colonsay and Oronsay, is 77, 10s. 8d. Fine 

 forest trees, of considerable size, grow in the island. 



The remains of several Romish chapels occur in the Antiquities. 

 island. The remains of the abbey of a monastery of 

 O'istertian monks, were taken down some years ago in 

 erecting a farm-house. The walls of the priory are 

 .-till standing. 



In 1811, Ci'onay contained 138 houses and families, 

 and 786 inhabitants. :see Macdonald's Accutint of the 

 Hebrides. 



.11 KA, ii also the name of one of the departments 

 of France, which take-, its name from the mountainous 

 ridge of Jura, which it comprehend*. It is bound- 

 ed on the north by the department of tlic Higher 

 Saone ; on the west, by those of the Cote d'Or, the 

 Saone and Loire, and the Ain ; on the south by the 

 Ain ; and on the east, by Swit*. rlaml and the depart- 

 ment of the Douln. The principal rivers which tra- 

 verse it, are the llhone, the Ain ; the Bit-line, which 

 passes by Ste. Claude ; and the Solvan, which passes by 

 Lons-1e-Saulnier. The climate of this department is 

 cold, from the mountains being covered during a great 

 part of the year with snow. The plains yield good 

 crop* of grain; but only barley, oats, and maize, are 

 produced among the mountains. Iron is found in great 

 abundance in the mountains. There are seven furna- 

 ce* and 30 forges in the department. \Vine is made 

 in considerable quantities ; and the wines of Arbois and 

 Poligni, particularly the former, are much esteemed, 

 ircsts occupy 125,000 hectares, or 'Jl.^OOO acres ; 

 of which the third belong to the nation, another third 

 ti> individuals, and another third to the communes. The 

 contributions in the year 1802, were 2,005A"JO' francs. 

 The principal towns are, 



Lons-le-Saulnier 

 I),, It- . 

 Poligni . 

 Ste. Claude 



Population. 

 6041 



5293 



3579 



The population of the department is 289,865. I.ons- 

 Ic-Saulnier i* the capital. 



I! \, .!CH\--I -., or, in thr Celtic, Jon-rag, which 

 signifies the " government of God, or Jupiter,' 1 is a 

 chain of mountains on the south-we-t i>f Switzerland, 

 which stretches from Mont Vouache in Savoy, to the 

 canton of SchafThauen. Its direction is nearly south 

 outh-west and north north-east, almost parallel to that 

 of the Alp*. Its length is from 90 to 100 leagues, and 

 it* breadth, in a north-west direction, from 15 to 18 

 leagues. 



The ridge of Jura ri<-es to the height of 3000 or +000 

 feet from Uie plain of Switzerland, with a declivity of- 

 ten very steep, and presents at thi elevation through- 

 out the whole of its length in undulated line, above 

 which there rise*, in some place*, rounded summits to 

 the height of 600, 1000, or even 2000 feet above the 

 re*t of the chain. On the side of Franche Cbmpte, the 

 Si 



