JUS 



403 



JUT 



is afterwards to be tried and determined; and the 

 grand jury are only to inquire upon their oaths, whe- 

 ther there be sufficient cause to call upon the party to 

 answer it. After hearing the evidence, if the grand 

 jury think the accusation groundless, they write on 

 the back of the bill, " Not a true bill ;" and then the 

 party is discharged without farther answer. If they 

 are satisfied of the truth of the accusation, they in- 

 dorse upon it, " A true bill," and the indictment is 

 then said to be found. But to find a bill, there must 

 at least twelve of the jury agree. The indictment, 

 when found, is publicly delivered into court. 2. The 

 Petti Jury, so called to distinguish them from the grand 

 jury, are persons who try the prisoner, and either find 

 him cuilty, or acquit him. The petit jury consists of 

 12, and their verdict must be unanimous. 3. The Com- 

 mon Jury are the jury returned by the sheriff, accord- 

 ing to the directions of the statute 3 Geo. II. c. 25, 

 which appoints that the sheriff shall not return a sepa- 

 rate panne) for every separate cause, as formerly ; but 

 one and the same panne! for every cause to be tried at 

 the vane assizes, -containing not less than 48, nor more 

 than ~2. jurors. The names of these jurors being writ- 

 ten on tickets, are put into a l><>\ or glass ; and when 

 each cau-e it called, the 12 persons, whose names shall 

 be first drawn out of the box, shall be sworn upon the 

 jury, unless absent, challenged, or excused. 4. A S/if. 

 cial Jury is distinguished from a common jury, 

 rial juries were originally introduced in trials at bar, 

 when the cause* were of too great nicety i -r the discus- 

 sion of ordinary freeholders; or when the sheriff was 

 suspected of partiality. 1 i nich cases, upon 



motion in court, and a rule granted thereupon, to at- 

 tend the prolhonoUry, or other proper officer, with his 

 freeholder's book ; ami the officer is to take indifferent. 

 of the principal freeholders, in the presence of 

 the attnmjrs on both fides, who are each of them to 

 strike off 12, and the remaining 21 are returned upon 

 the paiui'-l. 



In SootUnd, in rri oinal t,'ia',, a number of jurymen, 



'('this number, fifteen are 



. upon each trial, the prisoner 



allowed t any > t U < good 



grou: .{eons are exen i 



!'jiir\ mm, .iiid butchers are excluded from 

 



raue, had gone very much 

 ; has Utely been n 

 r court for trying issues 



to k 



Thi 

 ties of a jur 



mission, an 



See BOTVXV, \ol. iv. p. 35. 



are persons appointed 

 urial cnnv ...der the great seal, 







ntlt\- and dti- 



.!' thepe.u-c r ... '. r :,rd l.\ tin- C...TI- 

 several statutes which I -I ob- 



ject* attempt a detail of these 



\, !::< i.i.j.ct- would I'Vld 111 into a wiilr licld nt <i<-- 



n. Our limits will only admit of our nuking a 

 1 1 observations. 



every person who act* as a justice of 

 I race mutt have a certain qualification ; but in 

 no -urh qualification appears to lie retj:i 



:id is of 

 aodem date. Its introduction was at- 





tended with considerable difficulty, and the office was Justin 

 for some time exercised under several restrictions. 

 But these restrictions were removed by the articles of 

 union, which placed the office on the same footing in 

 Scotland as in the sister kingdom. But, in the Scotch 

 commission, there is not a ciistas rotulorum as in Eng- 

 land ; and the distinction of the quorum has never been 

 introduced in Scotland. 



The jurisdiction of the justices extends to the pre- 

 servation of the peace ; to the cognizance of certain fe- 

 lonies and delinquencies; to the execution of various 

 penal statutes, particularly regarding rural economy ; 

 to a numerous and important class of questions relating 

 to the revenue ; and to certain civil actions committed 

 to them by the small-debt act. 



A commission of the peace maybe recalled at any 

 time by the king ; and it falls by the death of his ma- 

 jesty, although , from expediency, it is continued for 

 six months longer, unless recalled by his successor. 

 See Lambard's Eirennrcfia and Bums', Williams', 

 Hutcheson's, and Tail's works on the office of a justice 

 of the peace. 



Jl'STIN (Jt 'STINT*), a Roman historian of some 

 eminence, who lived, as is generally thought, in the se- 

 cond century, during the reign of Antoninus Pius ; 

 but this is uncertain. He composed, in elegant Lntin, 

 an epitome of the history of'Trogus Pompeius. This 

 work is >till extant, in 44 books, and is entitled, His- 

 toriarum Pfiil/iiiicarutn ct loliiis Mil i till Oiigiinim cl tcr- 

 I't.mprio r.Tferptaritm, Litri xliv. 

 It comprehend? tile actions of almost all nations, from 

 Xinu, the founder of the Assyrian empire, to tlie Em- 

 peror It would appear that Trogus called 

 his work the I'/iitlipic History, because it treated chicf- 

 f.puian empire 1 , founded by Philip, or 

 concerning Philip and his successors. The original 

 work r, U unfortunately lost ; mid 

 the epitome of .In-tin i< then-fore the more valuable, 

 bernine it is some-tin MICS the pr 

 pal, authority fora number of interesting passages of 

 anciet 



H i en, of Ootttngen, 1ms written two me- 

 moirs on the subject of lhl> history, in the fir-t of which' 

 he explains the general plan of the great work of Tro- 

 gtu Pompeius ; and, in the second, lie reviews c.icli of 

 ks, accord :r<: to .lii-.tin'.'- extracts, and im (-- 

 tigates the *ource from which the narrative appears to 

 have been dnv 



The best edition' of Justin nrc, tlip JM/iliin edition, 

 in 4to. ; and Cum MO'M t-.n ioimn d (li'onoiii, in 8vo. 



JIDM. ^ - 



i I \ M >.* one of the niost con? idernble provinces Boundaries 

 imark, i *itu ' md 57* 40' of 



latitude, and between 12 Hi' and 10" 20' of east 

 longitude from Greenwich. It is a large peninsula, 

 surrounded on . \< , pt on the south, 



it is bounded by the dtjdiy ol'Sleswick. It is 

 J80 miles in Icr.^th from nortli to south, and 75 from 

 west to east at its medium breadth. The coasts, both 

 on the em*t and west, are indented by numerous gulfs 

 and inlets whirh form safe and commodious harbours; 

 nnd tliegulf of I.ynifiord particularly, which is naviga- 

 ble and full of islands ; province from 

 the Cattegat to within three miles of the German Ocean. 

 It is divided into (our districts, namely, 1. Aalbourg in Diviuon. 

 the north of the province, of which the principal towns 



* The nun* U Urc rrtokuJ to what i) usually called North JutUod, and the description of South Jutland referred to the article Sirs- 



