404 



JUTLAND. 



Aspect. 



Tumuli. 



son. 



Agricul- 

 ture. 



.: .['land, arc Aalbourg, a trading town on the south coast of Lym- 

 V"' fiord gull '; Schagen, at the northern extremity of the 

 peninsula ; Hiorring, 30 miles north-west of the cape ; 

 -.., :i little ira.lni^ town on the island of Mors. 

 .-. containing a li.wn nt' the same name, the ca- 

 jiitul of the province, an- ancient inland town, with 2000 

 inhabitants; Manager, a small place on a gulf of the 

 c- name ; Skeva, on the south border of the gulf of 

 l.vnifiord; and Hobroc, a pleasant trading town. 3. 

 Anrhus, along the east coast, containing a trading town 

 of. the .-ame name, with 4300 inhabitants ; Randers, an 

 old trading place on the river Guclen, containing 4600 ; 

 Ebeltoft, Horscns, and Scanderborg, small trading towns 

 along the coast. 4. Hypen, the most considerable district 

 of the province, extending along the western coast be- 

 tween Sleswick and the gulf of Lymfiord, containing 

 llypen, a tolerably .well built town at the mouth of 

 the Nilisaar; Holding, anciently a royal residence ; Fre- 

 dericia, or the LitUe Belt, whejre vessels pay toll; 

 Warde, Kinkioping, Holtsbroe, Hierting, and Jelling, 

 all of which are small places more like villages than 

 towns. 



The northern shores of Jutland present a long line 

 of sand-banks, fatal to mariners, and covered with the 

 remains of shipwrecked vessels ; and the eastern coast 

 is bordered with the most picturesque succession of 

 rocks. The country in general is low, sandy, and na- 

 ked; most fertile towards the south; and on the east 

 side covered with extensive forests of oak, fir, birch, 

 &c. There appear in every part of the peninsula num- 

 bers of earthen tumuli, frequently about 20 feet high, 

 and 300 in circumference at the base, evidently con- 

 structed by art, and found indiscriminately in the most 

 desert and in the best cultivated tracts. The inhabitants 

 are unable to give any account of their origin ; but they 

 are considered as having most probably been erected in 

 honour of deceased chieftains, and as indicating a high 

 degree of population in ancient times. There are ma- 

 ny small lakes and marshes, but few rivers, in the pro- 

 vince ; and these few are, for the most part, only tri- 

 fling rivulets, or wintry torrents. Almost the only ri- 

 ver deserving the name is the Gudcn, which rises near 

 IViburg, becomes navigable at Randers, and falls into 

 the Cattegat Sea. Several excellent springs are found 

 in the peninsula ; but, towards the north coast the wa- 

 ter is brackish and unpalatable. There are no moun- 

 tains, and the hills, which arc composed of gravel or 

 sand, are seldom above a few hundred feet in height. 



On the west coast, from Rypen to Lemvig, there is 

 a good deal of alluvial soil, which may be drained and 

 recovered. On the east coast, the mould is rich and 

 vegetative. Through the middle of the province runs 

 a sterile sandy ridge, producing nothing but heath and 

 coarse grass. Around the northern extremity, also, 

 are extensive tracts of deep and barren sand, which 

 are often scattered by the wind over the more cultiva- 

 ted districts. To prevent the progress of these desola- 

 tions, die arundo arenaria, or bent grass, (the roots of 

 v.hich have so powerful an efiect in fixing the loose 

 bu.l, while its leaves cover the surface from the wind) 

 is carefully sown iii these sandy regions, and various 

 kinds of other shrubs are planted for the same purpose, 

 and heavy penalties enacted for their protection. 



The state of agriculture in this province is extremely 

 low ; and there is a great want of vernacular publica- 

 tions on rural economy. Land is let, and the taxes on 

 t levied according to the number of tons of herd corn ; 

 that is, the barrels of rye-seed, which may be sown ac- 

 cording to the use and customs of the country. In many 



places, the old custom of all the farmers dwelling in a Jutland, 

 village, and cultivating the land by runrig still prevails ; S *V~'' 

 but the royal domain lands, Vhich are of great extent 

 in this province, are now subdivided into^istinct farms, 

 with proper steadings on each, an example which is ge- 

 nerally and rapidly imitated among the landed proprie- 

 tors. Several attempts have been made by govern- Agriculture. 

 ment to introduce an improved husbandry ; and, in 

 1720 particularly, about 20 French families -were esta- 

 blished in Fredericia, where they have increased to the 

 number of .500 persons, and, by their skilful industry, 

 have converted into a garden the environs of the town, 

 which were formerly covered with heath and sand. 

 Some Scotch farmers have recently settled abound Aal- 

 burg, and several native proprietors have attempted, by 

 engaging Scotch servants, to introduce the agricultu- 

 ral improvements of North Britain ; but great obsta- 

 cles are encountered in the obstinacy and prejudices of 

 the people. The common practice consists in forcing 

 from the land one crop of rye, barley, oats, or potatoes 

 after another, as long as it has strength to yield two 

 seeds for one ; and then to let it lie for years to recruit 

 its productive powers, as it may. A little lime (which 

 abounds in Jutland) is occasionally used as manure ; 

 but the soil is in general too light and sandy to admit 

 of this stimulating application; and composts of moss, 

 lime, and (lung, are beginning to be employed in its 

 stead. There is an absolute want of enclosures, and 

 draining is almost unknown. Green crops are not cul- Crop* 

 tivated to any extent, excepting potatoes, which are 

 annually gaining ground. Rye and oats are the prin- 

 cipal crops ; but barley, pease, and beans, are also raised 

 in considerable quantities. It is estimated, that the or- 

 dinary produce of a Scotch acre, in a good season, 

 would be sixteen bolls of potatoes, or six of barley, or 

 five of oats, or from four to seven of rye. There are 

 large plantations of tobacco, particularly among the 

 French refugees at Fredericia. The implements of 

 husbandry are extremely imperfect. 



The carts have four, wheels}; but the bodies, which are Implements 

 long narrow boxes, do not contain above half as much as ofhusband- 

 a one-horse English cart. They are drawn by two horses, ry ' 

 which are driven at a trot, or hard gallop; and sometimes 

 three or four of them are yoked abreast, and squeezed 

 most awkwardly through the narrow roads. These Horses, 

 animals are a hardy, firm, powerful breed, resembling 

 the Suffolk punches, from 13 to 15 hands high, fit for 

 every useful work, but better adapted for the draught 

 than the saddle. Great care is taken by government, 

 to prevent the intrusion of small or ill-shaped stallions 

 into the country ; and every encouragement is given to 

 promote the improvement of the breed. Those rear- 

 ed in the north of the province, are moi-e remark- 

 able for strength than beauty ; but, like all the Danish 

 breed, they excel in boldness of chest and contour of 

 buttock. The cows of Jutland are almost all branded, Cattle, 

 resembling in many respects the Lancashire breed, am] 

 yield a great quantity of milk. Great numbers of 

 black cattle are raised in the extensive pastures of the 

 province, and form a considerable article of exporta- 

 tion. The sheep of Jutland, next to those of Zealand, Sheep, 

 are the best in Denmark. The indigenous race are a 

 small hardy breed, like the white-faced Scottish sheep; 

 but, in consequence of the sandy soil, and scanty nou- 

 rishment, both their flesh and wool are coarse. The 

 Spanish breed has been introduced in several places ; 

 but they are found to degenerate in all respects Both 

 cows and sheep are fed, during winter, on chopped 

 straw and meadow hay, mixed with a little barley ; and, 



