Wife 



Father 



Mother 



Child 



Brother 



Sister 



Yes 



No 



The sun 



The moon 



A star 



The sky 



Day 



Night 



Life 



Death 



Fire 



Water 



The face 



The back 



The heart 



The hand 



The blood 



Great 



Small 



Low 



Old 



Young 



Good 



Had 



To drink 



To sleep 



To cut 



To tee 



Go 



Give 



K A M 



Tigen-outch. 



Epep. 



Engatcha. 



Peetch. 



Tiga. 



Dikhtoung. 



Lebeee. 



Bunakitlik. 



Koulletch. 



Kirkh-kirkh. 



Eieng-itch. 



Kokh-khell. 



Taaje. 



Kiounnouk. 



Zoitlenem. 



Eranim. 



Panitch. 



Azamkh, or Ji. 

 Goueng. 



Karo. 



Guillioun. 



Torino, or Cetoud. 



Bechlero. 



Tgolo 



( Hitchinnelo. 



Kranalo. 



Disoulo. 



Kizekb-ketlinn. 



Linnett-lek. 



Klioubelle. 



K'kellello. 



tkoss-kholnim. 



( >'in-ekleni. 



I.zinim. 



Tr.Uk. 



Teout. 



Katkou. 



421 



KAN 



Kant. 





Formerly the Kamttchadales received their principal 

 articles of commerce from the Japanese ; but of late, 

 the Dutch, and particularly the Russian*, have sup- 

 tlied the daily diminishing demand of the country. 

 They imported from Europe different kinds pf coarse 

 cloth, serges, knives, silk and cotton handkerchiefs, 

 rsd wine, tobacco, and sugar ; from Siberia, iron and 

 copper utensils, fire-arm*, wax, hemp, rope-yarn, net*, 

 tanned rein-deer skins, and the common Russian cloths ; 

 from Turkey, different sort* of cotton stuffs ; and from 

 i. silk and cotton doth*, tobacco, coral, and 

 needle*. The export* from KamUchatka consist en- 

 tirely of fun and skim, particularly of the beaver, mar- 

 ten, fox, and otter, all of which pay a duty of ten 



The state of the Russian settlements in Kamtschatka, 

 though founded more than a hundred yean ago, was, in 

 1805, when viaited by Knisenstem, in evet y respect 

 wrrttncd and unpromising. 1 lie dm t bay^ were en- 

 tirely deserted and uninhabited ; and not a single boat 

 was to be seen in the beautiful harbour* of St. Peter 

 and St. Paul. The shore* were strewed with stinking 

 fish cast up by the sea, among which crowds of half 

 starved dogs were wallowing and fighting. Not one 

 well-built house was to be seen, nor even a beaten path, 

 that might lead safely to the town. A few planks, 

 laid across the small brooks which flow through the 

 tnred the purpose of bridges. No garden, or 

 or plantation, or even inclosure of any kind, 

 ; cultivation, wai to be seen. The 



town kself consisted of a few huts, mostly in a decay- Kamuchau 

 ed state ; and, as the inhabitants are generally absent 

 during the day time, scarcely a single person was to 

 be seen ; and no other living creature, except half a 

 dozen cows feeding near the houses, and innumerable 

 dogs resting in holes, dug by themselves as a shelter 

 against the flies. As timber, necessary for the construc- 

 tion of proper dwellings, is extremely scarce, and pro- 

 cure<l only with great labour from the interior of the 

 country, only two houses were observed by Krusen- 

 stern, which could be considered as superior to tho 

 rest ; yet the best of these, the ornament of Kamt.-. 

 chatka, possessed by a person holding the rank of m:i- 

 jor in the army, had all its windows extremely small, 

 and patched with broken glass, and contained no other 

 furniture than a table, wooden stool, two or three bro- 

 ken chairs, two or three tea-cups, one glass, a few bro- 

 ken knives and forks, and some pewter spoons. " Po- 

 verty, or rather misery,'' says Krusenstern, " was ap- 

 parent in all the houses. All the necessaries of life, 

 particularly bread and salt, are extremely scarce, and 

 extravagantly dear ; and, except where a cow is kept, 

 which few are able to do, even the children have no 

 better nourishment than dried fish and coarse black 

 bread. Nothing is to be found readily, except spirits, 

 and perhaps tea and sugar. The want of gun- powder 

 prevents the colonists from supplying many of their 

 wants ; and the greater profit derived from hunting 

 sables than from cultivating the soil, discourages all at- 

 tention to the pursuits of agriculture, and even of gar- 

 dening. The want of women in the settlement, and 

 the difficulty of maintaining a family, are obviously 

 most unfavourable circumstances for the increase and 

 the morals of the population. Formerly, also, it was 

 the practice of the Russian government to send those 

 officers to Kamtschatka, whose conduct had not been 

 strictly correct, and whose appointment to such a dis- 

 tant station was regarded as, at the same time, a species 

 of puni.-hment. These persons usually became regard- 

 leas of their own character, as well u tyrannical in 

 their treatment of those whom they were intended to 

 benefit. Much ot'thi.-. injudicious system has now been 

 amended, and various means adopted for the improve- 

 ment of the settlement, as well as for the civilization 

 of the natives. All the later accounts concur in prov- 

 ing the capabilities of the country to be much greater 

 than had hitherto been understood ; and its prosperity 

 once commenced, though slow in its progress, may be 

 expected to be permanently increasing. See Lessep's 

 Travclt in Kamlickalka ; Cook's Last Voyage ; and 

 Krusenstrrn's Voyage Round the World, (g) 



KANT, IMMAMULL, the celebrated German meta- 

 physician, and author of the Critical or Trautcenden- 

 tal Philotophif, was born at Koningsberg, in Prussia, 

 on the ittd of April, 1724. It is said that his paternal 

 asicestors were descended from a Scotch family of tho 

 name of Cant, and that he was the first who changed 

 the initial letter of his name to K. His father exer- 

 cised the humble profession of a saddler in the suburbs 

 of jvoningsberg ; of whom, and especially of his mo- 

 ther, who appears to have been a woman of some ta- 

 lents, and great piety, Kant uniformly spoke with feel- 

 ings of the warmest affection. Although in poor cir- 

 cumstances, his parents seem to have resolved, that their 

 son, Immanuel, should enjoy all the advantages of a 

 liberal education ; for, after having been taught to read 

 and write at the hospital school of the suburbs, he 

 wa sent to the Collegium Fridtricianum s an institu- 



