KEN 



435 



KEN 



Rend*!. College, Oxford ; Sandes' hospital and charity school, 

 "*'" founded in 1<J70, with convenient dwellings for eight 

 "'V~"""' poor widows ; a blue coat school, in which 50 boys and 

 40 girls are clothed, educated, and bred up to the art 

 of weaving; a school of industry, instituted in 17!':); 

 a di-j>epirv, begun in 1782, and supported by volun- 

 tary i out 'iid a large and airy workhouse at 

 the we;-; r town. 



The ru ti> c-i' Kendal castle stand on the top of a hill, 

 on the wot side of the town, composed of rounded 

 stones, embedded in a black sandy cement. Part of two 

 square* and two round towers lately remained, and 

 the foundations were repaired, and the fosse round the 

 ruins enlarged in 1813. Opposite to the castle is Cas- 

 tlelaw hall, which consists of a circular mount of gra- 

 vel and earth, thrown u|*>n a rock nearly 30 feet hi^'h. 

 Round its base i* a deep ditch, and a, high dyke, 

 fortified with tw bastions on the east. In 1788, the 

 inhabitants erected upon it a handsome obelisk, with an 

 inscription, in commemoration of the Hi-volution of 

 1608. The government of the town is vested in a 

 mayor, recorder, 12 aldermen, and 20 capital burgesses. 

 There are here seven Incorporated companies. A news- 

 paper is prir.ted in this town, and there is a very re- 

 spectable book club, and an interesting museum. 



The principle manufactures of Kendal, are Kendal 

 cottons, a sort of coarse woollen cloths, and linseys 

 for the North American market. Great quantities of 

 woollen stockings are annually knit. ( <>ttn mills, and 

 the weaving of muslin, were lately established. A 

 marble manufactory employ* several hands, and ha* 

 its mills for sawing and polishing at Water Crook. The 

 marble is chiefly procured from Kendal Fell. The 

 laadirr trade i* also considerable; and there is a great 

 supply of fruit from the numerous orchard*. Hats, 

 &*b hoak*. and wool curds, are also manufactured here. 



The population of the town in 1811 was 



Number of house* 



Families 



Do. employed in trade and manufactures 



Males 



Females . . 



Total population in 181 1 



See Nicholson and Brown's //it/ory tad Anlitjuitie$ of 

 WutmorrlamJ , and T>* Btattiti of t*glad and Halet, 

 vol. iv. p. 190. 



nopulous Tillage of England, 

 ear London. It is chiefly celebrated for it* royal pa- 

 lace, whose garden and extensive walks, laid out by 

 Br> wn, and about four mile* in circumference, render it 

 a place of great resort for the inhabitants of London. 

 The palace, built by William 1 1 1. i* an irregular, and by 

 no mean* a handsome building, and was erected at va- 

 rioa* periods. The ancient mansion of Holland house, 

 the seat of Lord Holland, is in the parish of Kensing- 

 ton. 



The parish church of Kensington is a modern brick 

 building. There is a meeting house for dissenters, and 

 email chapel for Roman Catholics. In 1811, the 

 number of bouses in the parish was 1579, and the po- 

 pulation 10,8*6. 



For a full account of Kensington, see the Beauties of 



EmglfBd and IValtt, vol. i. pan v. p. IS8-155 ; Ly son's 



JEaiemm* / /,Wo ; and The Arckittctural Anlujuiliei 



'tut firchtm. For an account of the gardens of 



Kensington, tee HOBTICULTURC, voL xi. p. 183. 



KENT is a maritime county of England, forming It nit, 

 the south-east angle of th :t kingdom. It is bounded """ "^ 

 on the north by the Thames and the German ocean ; 

 on the east, and part of its south side, by the straits of 

 Dover and the British Channel ; on the remainder of 

 its south side by the county of Sussex ; and on the 

 west by the county of Surry. Its form is nearly qua- 

 drilateral, or rather th;it ot" a tmpezium. From Dept- 

 ford. to the extreme point of the North Forel.md, it 

 measures about 63 miles, or about 129 minutes of lon- 

 gitude; and on the east side, from the North Foreland 

 to Dungeness Point, it measures nearly 40 miles, be- 

 tween the latitudes of 50 54' and 51 '23' 20'' north. 

 The circumference of its coast, if all the sinuosities be 

 measured, is about 16'5 miles. Its area has been va- 

 riously computed : Some raise it as high as 1, ','00,000 

 acre*; while, according to others, it contains only 

 832,000. Mr. Boys' estimate is probably nearer the 

 truth ; he makes its area H<KJ,600 acres. 



Kent is divided into five Urge portions, called Lathes ; Division!. 

 these are subdivided into 6.'J hundreds, 15 liberties, 414 

 parishes, 2 cities, and 24 market towns. The two ci- 

 ties are Canterbury and Rochester. The principal 

 towns are Deptford, Woolwich, Gravesend, Sheerness, 

 Margate, Ramsgate, Faversham, Deal, Sandwich, Do- 

 ver, Folkstone, Hythe, Chatham, Maidstone, &c. This 

 county sends 18 members to the House of Commons, 

 vix. two for the shire, two for Canterbury, two for Ro- 

 chester, two for Maidstone, two for Qtieensborough, 

 two for Dover, two for Sandwich, two for Hythe, and 

 two for Romney. There are fifteen deaneries in it ; 

 eleven of which are under the jurisdiction of the arch- 

 biabep of Canterbury, and four under the jurisdiction 

 of the bishop of Rochester. In order to facilitate the 

 eivil jurisdiction of the county, it is divided into two 

 districts, East and West Kent. The former contains the 

 lathes of Sutton-at-Hone and Aylesford, and the low- 

 er part of the lathe of Scray ; and the latter contains 

 the upper part of the lathe of Scray, and the lathes of 

 igustinc and Shepey. In each of these districts 

 a court of sessions is held twice a-year. 



There are very few counties in England which have Surface. 

 such strong claims to notice as the county of Kent 

 Its sixe, inferior only to Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, De- 

 vonshire, and Northumberland ; its extent of sea coast; 

 the rivers by which it is bounded or watered ; its vici- 

 nity to the metropolis ; its dock-yards ; and the great 

 variety of its agricultural produce all combine to ren- 

 der it a county of great interest. Nor are its pictu- 

 resque beauties of a low order. Its general aspect is, 

 indeed, very striking and pleasing ; and in some parts, 

 especially near Maidstone, Tunbridge, and Sitting- 

 bourne, the foenery is uncommonly fine. The surface 

 of the country, generally speaking, is much varied. 

 The whole of it, with the exception of the marshes and 

 the wealds, may justly be regarded as a cluster of 

 small hills. Among these there are two chains higher 

 than the rest, called the upper and lower, which run 

 through the middle of Kent, in general about eight 

 miles distant from one another, in a direction from 

 west to east. The northern chain is composed princi- 

 pally of chalk and flints ; the southern, of iron and 

 Mltone. 



In tracing the sea-coast of Kent, we shall begin on Sea cot. 

 the confines of Sussex. As soon as we cross the Rother, 

 we pass from the latter to the former county. This ri- 

 ver formerly emptied itself at the town of Old Romney; 

 but, in the reign of Edward I. a great storm changed 

 it* course to Rye. Dungeness, which cgnsists of low 



