KEN 



440 



KEN, 



Fisheries. 



Commerce. 



Poor-rate* 



Population. 



Hirtory. 



immemorial, re somewhat smaller than such as are 

 employed in other parts of the county. 



The manufactures of Kent are few and unimportant. 

 Silk, which was long manufactured at Canterbury, is 

 now giving way to cotton. The first mill for making 

 white" paper, was erected near Dartford, but the most 

 extensive paper mills are now at Maidstone and Dover. 

 There are salt-works near Sandwich, and in the isle of 

 Grain ; large copperas works at Whitstable and Dept- 

 fonl, and in that part of the Weald which borders on 

 Sussex, there are furnaces for casting iron. The gun- 

 powder mills at Deptford and Faversham carried on a 

 very extensive business in time of war. At Craigford 

 there are large works for bleaching and printing ; cali- 

 coes, sacking, and hop-bagging, are made in different 

 parts of the county ; but the woollen manufacture, 

 which formerly raised to wealth and eminence many 

 Kentish families, no longer exists in a.ny extent or im- 

 portance. One of the largest flour mills in the king- 

 dom, is in Canterbury on the Stoure ; it is upon a most 

 excellent construction, and grinds and dresses 500 quar- 

 ters of corn weekly. 



The oyster fisheries of Faversham and Milton, and 

 of the Sivales of the Medway, are celebrated for the 

 quantity and quality of the oysters they produce. 

 From Faversham and the adjacent parts, the Dutch 

 have sometimes loaded 100 large hoys with oysters in 

 the year. The Medway was formerly celebrated for 

 its salmon and sturgeon, but little of either is now 

 caught. At St. Margaret's Bay, between Dover and 

 the South Foreland, large quantities of small but very 

 delicate lobsters are caught. 



The principal commerce of Kent consists in sending 

 corn to London, by the Medway and Thames, in hoys, 

 carrying from 300 to 500 quarters each. They return 

 with grocery goods, &c. 



The money raised for the poor, in the year 1776., 

 was 86,832 ; the average of the years 1783-4-5, was 

 112,994; and in the year 1803, the poor-rates 

 amounted to 2 13,989, the maintenance of each poor 

 person being 5, 2s. 9d ; there were 41,632 relieved; 

 the rate on the population was fourteen shillings a-head. 

 There were i90 friendly Societies, and four in each 

 100 of the population members of these societies. 



The population in the year 1700, was 153,800; in 

 the year 1750, 190,000; and, in 1801, 317,800. The 

 returns in 1811 were as follow : 



Houses inhabited, 62,063 



Families occupying them, 72,265 



Houses building, 628 



Houses uninhabited, 1671 



Families employed in agriculture, . . 27,077 

 Families in trade, manufactures, &c. 27,996 



Al! other families, 21,192 



Males, 183,500 



Females, 189,595 



Total, 373,095 



Population in 1801, 317,800 



Increase, 55,295 



The history of this county is perhaps as interesting 

 and important as that of any other county in England ; 

 but our notice of it must be very short. The Cantii 

 inhabited it at the Roman conquest; they are supposed 

 to have been a Roman colony. When Caesar invaded 

 it, it was divided into four principalities. It was in- 

 cluded in Brittannia Prima. The Romans appear to 

 have paid particular attention to the defence of its 



shores ; and for that purpose they erected forts, which Kent, 

 were under the direction of a particular officer, called Kentucky.^ 

 Count of the Saxon shore. When the Anglo-Saxons "*" "V""*' 

 obtained possession of England, Kent farjned one of 

 their kingdoms, which was founded in the year 454, 

 and ended in 823. The Saxon kings of Kent discharg- 

 ed the office of Counts of the Saxon shore, in their re- 

 gal capacity : and when England was formed into one 

 kingdom, this post was revived in the Lord Warden of 

 the Cinque-ports. Boys' Agriculture of Ken! ; Mar- 

 shall's Southern Counties; Beauties of England and 

 Wales, vol. vii. and viii. ; Campbell's Survey of Great 



Tt 'i * / \ t7 / 



Bnlam. (w. s.) 



KENTUCKY, one of the United States of North 

 America, derives its name from the river Ken- 

 tucky, by which it is traversed, and lies between 36 

 SO', and 39 10' North Lat., and between 82 50', and 

 89 20' West Long. . It is about 300 miles long, from 

 north to south ; its greatest breadth is 180 miles, and 

 its least width 40. Its superficial extent is about Bounda- 

 50,000 square miles. On the whole of its northern ries - ' 

 side it is bounded by the Ohio, through a length of 

 645 miles. This river separates it from Indiana terri- 

 tory for 525 miles, and from the Ohio territory for 125. 

 On the east it is separated from Virginia by the Cum- 

 berland mountains, and by Big Sandy river, for 80 miles. 

 On the south it is divided from Tennessee by the paral- 

 lel of latitude of 36 30' ; and on the west it is separa- 

 ted from Upper Louisiana, by the Mississippi, for 60 

 miles. 



Kentucky was originally divided into two counties, 

 Lincoln and Jefferson, and afterwards into 42 ; but it 

 is now divided into 54, and sends 10 representa- 

 tives to Congress. The south-east part of this state is 

 mountainous. The principal mountains are the Cumber- 

 land mountains, which bound the state for about 80 

 miles on the south-east. The country below the moun- 

 tains is hilly for some distance ; but the great part of 

 the state is agreably uneven, and formed of gentle ele- 

 vations. The whole country below the mountains 

 rests upon an immense bed of limestone, from 1 to 20 

 feet thick, but usually about eight feet below the sur- 

 face. 



The soil of Kentucky is in general good. It is ei- Soil and 

 ther black, or tinged with a brighter or deeper vermi- ricul- 

 lion, or resembles dark ashes. Wheat was at one time tUK - 

 the principal grain that was cultivated ; but no more of 

 it is how raised than is consumed in the state. Much rye 

 is raised for the distilleries. Maize is cultivated to a great 

 extent. Hemp has lately been the principal article of 

 produce. An ordinary crop is about from 700 to 1000 

 weight the acre. . Barley, oats, flax, cotton, and tobac- 

 co, are raised ; and it is said that 50, 60, and even 100 

 bushels of grain have been produced upon an acre. Of 

 wheat, or rye, 30 bushels is the ordinary produce. Ken- 

 tucky is well covered with timber. The principal 

 trees are the elm, the beech, the ash, the juniper, 'the 

 sugar, the coffee, the papaw, the hackberry, and the 

 cucumber. 



The mineralogy of this state has not been much exa- Mmeralo- 

 mined. Iron is found in various places. It is well gy. 

 fitted for hollow ware, but not for malleable iron. A 

 valuable gold mine has been discovered between Cum- 

 berland river and Greenriver. Copper, sulphur, cop- 

 peras, and alum, have also been obtained. Nitre is 

 obtained from the earth in the caverns on Greenriver. 

 Coal is found in abundance, and in some places 

 there is an appearance of potters' clay. An im- 

 mense quantity of marble, of a greyish cast, finely va- 

 riegated, and susceptible of a high polish, has been 



