K I N 



459 



K I N 



Aula Regia ; and although it hath, for some centuries 

 past, usually sat at Westminster, yet it is not fixed to 

 any certain place, but may follow the King's court 

 wherever it goes; for which reason, all process issuing 

 out of this court is returnable ubicuHijur fttcrimut in 

 Anglia." And we find that, during the reign of Ed- 

 ward I. it actually sate at Roxburgh. 



The jurisdiction of this court is very high and tran- 

 scendent. It keeps all inferior jurisdictions within the 

 bounds of their authority ; superintends all civil cor- 

 porations in the kingdom ; commands magistrates and 

 others to do what their duty requires, in every case 

 where there is no other specific remedy ; protects the 

 liberty of the subject by speedy and summary interpo- 

 sition ; and takes cognizance both of criminal and civil 

 csnue* ; the former in what is called the crown-side, 

 or crown office; the latter, in the plea-side of the 

 court. It hat an original jurisdiction and cognizance 

 of aH trespasses, and other injuries, alleged to have 

 been committed ti et armit ; and by a fiction of law, 

 whereby it is surmised that the defendant is arrested 

 for a supposed trespass, which, in reality, he has never 

 committed, it has for ages held pleas of all personal 

 actions whatsoever. 



This court is likewise a court of appeal, into which 

 may be removed, by 'writ of error, all determinations 

 of the court of common pleas, and of all inferior courts 

 of record. An appeal also lies from this court to the 

 House of Lords, or the Court of Exchequer Chamber, 

 according to the nature of the suit, and the mode in 

 which it has been prosecuted. Blackstone's Comment. 

 B. iii. ch. 4. and Jacob's Late Diet. 



KIM. > ( 01 N IV is an inland county of Ireland, 

 in the province of Leinster. It is bounded on the 

 north by Westmeath and Mcath ; on the east by Kil- 

 dare and Queen's County ; on the south and south- 

 west by Tipperary ; and on the west by part of Gal- 

 way and Roacommon. It is separated from Galway 

 by the river Shannon, and the Barrow and the little 

 Brosna mark its boundary for a few miles. It re- 

 ceived its name out of compliment to Philip II. of 

 Spain, the husband of Quern Mar}-. 



It is 9 English mile* broad, contracting rapidly to 

 the south, and it extend* from north to south 43 Eng- 

 li-h miles. Its superficial extent is 707 square Eng- 

 lish miles, or 458,370 acres. 



The general appearance of the county is flat, the on- 

 ly mountain* being the SlM'MtHf mountains, which 

 divide ft ftan Queen's county. This range extend* 

 15 miles, and is traversed only by one pass, called the 

 frap of Glendive, which is only five feet wide, and is 

 very teep and craggy, and difficult of approach. 



The soil in the northern part of the county is chiefly 

 argillaoeoM, and rc.niirn a great deal of lime. The 

 rock* are a red argilhte and freestone. In the central 

 part the aoils are a light sandy loam, a stiff yellow clay, 

 a gritty (hallow gravel, and a deep brown earth. The 

 pasturage n here good; limestone prevails, and the 

 bottom is a stiff clay, which yield* excellent crop*. 

 In another part there is a cold spungy day soil, which 

 panes where the declivity vanishes into a deep irre- 

 claimable bog. The principal corn crop* are oat* and 

 Green crop* have been raised in come part*, 

 artificial grasie*, and the drilling of potato?*, have 

 n introduced. The pasture* support numerous 

 flocks of sheep, the wool of which is excellent and 

 abundant. Lime, and limestone gravel, which is allow. 

 ed to be the beat manure, are found every where. The 

 liaMHuB} gravel is often mixed with bog. 

 A great part of the Bog of Allen lie* in this county, 



King's 

 County, 



and it has been calculated that one-third of the county 



is bog land. Mr. Wakefield however informs us, on 



the authority of Mr. Bernard, that one half of the coun- *^ ng '"^, 



ty is of that description. 



The principal proprietors of King's County, are Landed 

 Lord Digby, who possesses the barony of Geshill, con- property 

 taining 10,822 acres. Lord Ross, Lord Charleville, ""a' 61 ""* 

 Mr. D. R. Daly, Mr. Stepney, and Mr. Bernard, are the 

 other proprietors. These individuals possess so much 

 of the county, that the remaining landholders are scarce- 

 ly sufficient to make a grand jury. The tillage farms 

 here are small, but grazing ones are of great extent. 

 The rent of the county, without including bogs, moun- 

 tain land, or towns, has been averaged at 35s. per acre. 

 Lord Digby grants no leases on lives, and lets only for 

 2 1 years. The other proprietors grant leases, in gene- 

 ral, for 21 years and a life. Mr. Wakefield observed 

 some of the best farms in Ireland, in this county. 



The following were the prices of labour and provi- Prices of 

 sions in 1811. Wages of a man, per day, lOd. Of a labour, Ac. 

 woman, 5j. Grazing a cow, per week, Is. 2d. Gra- in 1811 - 

 zing a horse, Is. 7d. Kilkenny coal, per cwt 2s. 6d. 

 Lime, per barrel, 1 s. Hay, per ton, 3, 3s. 4d. Beef, 

 per lib. -kl. Mutton, 5d. Eggs, per dozen, 6 A. Cheese, 

 per lib. "d. Fowls, per couple, Is. 2d. Turkeys, 2s. 



The principal mineral productions that have been Minerals, 

 found in King's County, are manganese, iron ore in 

 small quantities, ocre, marie, limestone, freestone, and 

 potter's clay. 



The principal rivers in this county are the Shannon, Hirer* 

 tin- Little Brosna, the Great Brosna, which falls into 

 the Shannon after winding through a great part of the 

 minity. The principal loughs are Lough Pallis and 

 Lough Annagh. The northern part of the county de- 

 rives much advantage from the grand canal which 

 pa**e* through it. 



The principal town* are Philipstown, Birr, or Par- 

 son'* town, and Tullamore, of which Birr is the largest. 

 Tullamore contains about 4000 inhabitants, of whom 

 2,500 are Catholic* 



This county contains 52 parishes, and 1 5 churches. Population, 

 According to Dr. Beaufort, a population of about 

 74,500. Since the completion of the grand canal, how- 

 ever, the population has increased. See Beaufort's 

 Memoir qfm Map of Ireland; Sir C. Coote's Statistical 

 Survey, and Wakefield's Account of Ireland. 



K I NGHORN is a royal burgh of Scotland, in the 

 county of Fife, situated on the coast of the Frith of 

 Forth, nearly opposite to Leith, and on the sides of 

 a dell opening towards the sea. It consists of a number 

 of lanes composed of mean looking houses, heaped to- 

 gether without regard either to convenience or uni. 

 fonnity. King David I. invested it with the privi- 

 lege* of a royal burgh. Not many years ago were to 

 be *een the ruins of a castle, which was one of the 

 usual seats of our ancient Scottish kings. An old build- 

 ing, called St. Leonard's Tower, stands in the middle 

 of the town, and is used as a court-house and a prison. 

 Thread stockings have long been manufactured here ; 

 and machinery for spinning cotton and flax has lately 

 been erected. A little to the west of the town there 

 are two basaltic rocks, composed of parallel columns 

 of different diameters, and about 12 or 14- feet high. 

 There is also in. the neighbourhood a medicinal spring, 

 called the Kinghom Spa, which is altogether neglected. 

 In 1618, Dr. Anderson wrote a treatise on the nature 

 of it* waters. He says that it is impregnated with 

 crystal, gypsum, and nitre, and recommends it a* a 

 powerful diuretic. The population of the town and 

 parish, in 181 1, was 329 house*, and 2204 inhabitants. 



