K I N 



461 



K I N 



* ,.' -.. 



,. 



t ..>*- 



drojrjjers 1889, trading under the free port art, 12,520; 

 total, 95,1331470 horses, 4735 mules, 438 asses, 

 3(528 > >rted. 



PON-HCLL. See HULL. 



K ' --rro\-Tii.\MES, is a town of England, 



in the county of Surry. It is situated 11 miles from 

 muster bridge, on the southern \au\k of the 

 Thames, which is crossed by a wooden bridge to Hamp- 

 ton Wick. It consists of two principal streets, and se- 

 veral smaller ones. It is upon the whole well built; 

 but tlit mixture of the modern and the ancient houses 

 gives it an irregular appearance. The church is spa- 

 cious and handsome, and has a tower with eight bells. 

 There is here a free school, founded by Queen Eliza- 

 beth ; a charity school for 30 boys, and an alms-house 

 for 6 men and <i women. In the market-place is the 

 town-hall, built by Queen Elizabeth, The Lent assizes 

 for the county of Surry sre held here. 



Kingston was either a rojal residence or demesne so 

 early as the union of the Saxon heptarchy. Close to 

 the north side of the church is a large stone, on whieh, 

 it is said, the Saxon kinj>< were crowned. Here was 

 formerly the chapel o , on the same side, adorn- 



ed with the figures of the different sovereigns that had 

 been crowned at this place. It fell in 17 JO, and buried 

 in its ruins the sexton, who was digging a grave, his 

 daughter, and another person. The sexton's daughter was 

 dug out alive, at the end of eight hours, and succeeded 

 her father. The bridge over the Thames is said, by 

 Mr. Lyson, to be the most ancient on the river, except 

 that of London ; and the corporation has a revenue for 

 keeping it in repair. In 1K1I, the town and pari-h, 

 including Ham, Hatch, and Hook, contained 7 Hi 

 nilies, and 4144 inhabit. 



KIMl KMISTRY, vol. vi. p. 59. 



KP town i.f Scotland, and the capital of 



lie name name, is situated mi a plain at 

 the -*t-tid ,if Loch Leven. It connists principally 

 us" one long (tract, which contains numv < 

 This place was note celebratrd for it* manufactory of 

 ortlor 'nch of trade ha gn-.itly il.-- 



dnt-' inhabitant* are principally tmfhytA in 



the manufacture of cuttun g.^nl.. and of coarse'linen. 

 oiled Sitanaa, (/which about L. 4,441 worth were skimp- 

 ed annual |*jpulation uf the town an.l j 



il,waaS214, of whom 287 were employed in 

 trade and manufacture. See die following ar 



il IKE, one of the inland counties of 

 Scotland, i* bounded on the north and west by the 

 county of I'erth, ami on the south and east by Fife- 

 hire. It is situated between Sff 9, and 56 18' of 

 north lat. and between S' and 21' of long, west from 

 >ur K h It* greatest length from east to west, is 

 about 13 mile*, and its greatest breadth from north to 

 oath, about 1 1 milet. It i> supposed to contain about 

 83.83 square miles, or 42,536' Scottish acres. 



The climate of this cr ,poo the whole, mild 



and genial. It is well sheltered from the north wind-, 

 by the range of th.- Ochil hilh which form its northern 

 boundary. It is, however, much exposed to the wes- 

 terly winds, as it is situated in a plain, which i> pro- 

 longed on the west towards Alloa, and joins tl . // 

 Fife on the eart. The grounds on the southern ex- 

 tremity are uneven but not hilly. The more level and 

 hilly uart of th* county is elevated but a few hundred 

 feet above the level of the tea. 



There are few spring* in this county remarkable for 

 the quantity of water which they pour out, or for th. ir 

 medicinal qualities Hut the fnh water lake, of which 

 it boasts, has at all times been considered at one of the 



most picturesque and beautiful collection of water to be Kinross- 

 found in the lowland district of Scotland. The scenery Bhire - ^ 

 on the south and east sides of the lake, composed of the N ""'Y"~ 

 Lomonds and Benartie, forms a very striking contrast 

 with the level grounds which skirt the opposite in-ir- 

 pin, while the scattered islets relieve the eye in wan- 

 dering over the surface of the water. There is here 

 little that is very striking or bold, but a great deal that 

 is soft and soothing. 



The lake contains about 3!(>987 Scottish acres. Its LochleYen. 

 height above the level ot the sea is supposed to be three 

 hundred and nine feet. Its greatest depth about eighty- 

 seven feet. It contains four islands, the largest of 

 which is called by way of eminence, the Inch, and con- 

 tains 28.444 acres. The next is thg castle, 1.700 acres ; 

 the third is called Paddock Bower, containing 0.360; 

 and the last, or Reed Bower, contains 0.1 (JO. 



In this lake there are many kinds of fish, particularly Lochleven 

 trouts, pikes, perches, and eels. The trouts belong to trouis. 

 ditfi-riMit species, which have not been distinctly cha- 

 racterised. The salmon trout, (Sn!w trnltri), the river 

 trout, (S.farin"), and the char (S. alpinut), are well 

 known, and termed in general Lochleven trout. 



These trouts are considered as a great delicacy, and 

 lirld in high estimation. They are sent regularly to 

 the Edinburgh market, and likewise obtain a ready 

 sale in the towns and villages in the neighbourhood. 

 Attempts have likewise been made to convey them to 

 London packed in ice. We have not the means of de- 

 termining the number of fish which this lake might 

 rt. But when we consider the extensive marshes 

 and shallow water on the margin of the lake, the nu- 

 merous aquatic plants and shellfish which abound in 

 it, and the consequent abundant supply of food, it 

 may be regarded as one of the most suitable natural 

 fish-ponds to be met with in Britain ; and, under proper 

 management, might be made more productive to the 

 proprietor* and the public. 



\\ < have stated that there is a great extent of shal- Drainage of 

 low water in this lake, and marshy .round on the mar* the lake, 

 gin. Every intelligent traveller as he passes, expresses 

 nil astonishment that no measures have been adopted 

 to reduce the level of the lake, and thereby reclaim a 

 great extent of improveable ground, to free the air from 

 pestilential exhalations, and ameliorate the climate by 

 ting chilling evaporations. L'pon inquiry, he 

 finds that plans have been proposed, which, if carried 

 into execution, would prove equally advantageous to 

 the health and the resources of the inhabitants of Kin- 

 roa*-shire. By means of a rut three miles and a half in 

 length, and at the estimated expence uf I HiiiJ-, the 

 surface of the lake might be lowered five feet. By this 

 893,366 Scottish acres of ground might be acquired 

 from the lake, besides enabling the neighliouring pro- 

 prietors to drain their low wet grounds more effectually 

 than the present level of the waters permits them to do. 

 Were the surface of the lake lowered only two feet and 

 half, 447,412 acres of ground might be reclaimed from 

 the lake. To this proposal plan, the proprietors and 

 tenants of the mills situated on the river Lcven, a stream 

 formed by the waters which flow from this lake, have 

 hitherto offered objections. The most prominent of 

 these which they have brought forward, and which 

 they have made the ground of a protest against the 

 lings La thus stated: " That the river Leven flows 

 to the mills, in a winding course, through that flat piece 

 of ground lying to the westward of Achmuir bridge, 

 called the Carses, and turns or crooks of the river there 

 oppose a natural barrier to the floods, that occasionally 

 inundate the river, and of course prevent the dam- 



