LAN 



512 



L A.N 



Lanark, the older class of villagers. The obvious effect of such 



New, an establishment, besides many accompanying advan- 



fchirc. " ta ? es > ' la to diminish the expence, while it multiplies 



ij t T_- the comforts of living to the inhabitants in general, by 



the economy of fuel ami attendance, and by the cheaper 



and more nutritious preparation of food which may be 



thus attained. 



There has long been granted to each householder, at 

 New Lanark, a portion of garden-ground to cultivate ; 

 but in order to increase the supply of vegetable food, a 

 new public garden has been laid out by the company, 

 which is to extend to seven or eight acres. It is surround- 

 ed by a belt of planting, and a spacious walk for the re- 

 creation of the work people. This promenade.and others 

 formed for that purpose, to which they have access, 

 commanding in every direction diversified views of a 

 beautiful country, may comprise an extent of probably 

 not less than two miles; and in ccfnsequence of the li- 

 mited hours of labour which prevail at this manufac- 

 tory, they are thus enabled to partake of that exercise 

 in the open air, which the nature of their employment 

 renders absolutely necessary for a moderate degree of 

 health and happiness. 



The inhabitants here, in addition to these conve- 

 niences, are supplied with provisions, clothing, and 

 every necessary of a good quality, and at a reasonable 

 rate at the store, which has been long established by 

 the company, and conducted under regulations to in- 

 duce, as far as possible, a provident expenditure of their 

 earnings. Pothouses, and all their injurious conse- 

 quences, have long been banished from the place. A 

 fund for the maintenance of the sick and superannuat- 

 ed, is supported by a contribution of one -sixtieth part of 

 their wages ; and a surgeon, paid by the company, re- 

 sides at the village. Many other regulations and ar- 

 rangements besides these, exist at this establishment, 

 which our limits will not allow us to specify. Suffice 

 it to say, that these have produced, as far as they hi- 

 therto have had time to operate, (according to the in- 

 formation of the writer of this article) all the effects 

 which the proprietors could wish or expect, both with 

 respect to the mercantile interests of the concern, and 

 the moral condition of the people. But although the 

 ^tter enjoy a large share of the comforts of life, \vhen 

 their situation is brought into comparison with that of 

 many others, yet it is the decided opinion of the prin- 

 cipal proprietor, Mr. Owen, that manufactures, when 

 they constitute the exclusive employment of a popula- 

 tion, cannot, by any possible arrangement, be made 

 compatible with the possession of that degree of health 

 and happiness to which human beings are entitled; 

 and that this object can only be attained under a sys- 

 tem, combining manufacturing with agricultural la- 

 bour, ancl of which the latter is the basis. See Den- 

 holm's MS. History of Lanarkshire; Tour to the Lakes, 

 by the same author; Statistical Account, &;c. (D. J.) 



LANARKSHIRE, the name of one of the counties 

 in the southern division of Scotland. 



Natural bis- The county of Lanark is situated between 55 14' 

 tory. 42", and 55 56' 10" of North Lat. ; and 3 22' 51", and 



4" 22' 51" of West Long, from Greenwich. On the 

 north it is bounded by the counties of Dumbarton, Stir- 

 ling, and Linlithgow ; on the south by Dumfries-shire ; 

 on the east by Peebles and Ediriburghshires ; and on the 

 west by those of Renfrew and Ayr. The length of Lanark- 

 shire, from Queensberry-hill on the south, to near the 

 eastern extremity of the burgh of Renfrew on the north- 

 we-t, is 52 miles ; and its greatest breadth, nearly in a 

 line at right angles to its length, irom the confines of 



6 



Pecblesshire on the east at Garvaldfoot, to the source of Lanark, 

 the Avon, on the frontiers of Ayrshire on the west, is thire. 

 33 miles. It contains an a?e of <}26' square miles, or ~~""~Y~~*' 

 471,278 Scots statute acres. -^. ' 



Towards the south, particularly hi the parishes of Pace of the 

 Crawford, Crawfordjohn, Lamington, Coulter, and the country, 

 upper part of Douglas, the county is hilly and moun- 

 tainous. A ridge of lofty mountains, called the Lon'thers, 

 stretches through the country from near the Clyde to 

 the south-western boundary, where part of the chain 

 separates Lanarkshire from the county of Dumfries. 

 From the southern extremity of Lanarkshire another 

 ridge runs northward for many miles betwixt and Pee- 

 bles-shire. A third chain, farther to the north, crosses 

 the county towards the west, about 20 miles from the 

 southern limit. The eastern part of this chain is called 

 the hills of Tinto, and the western part, separated from 

 the eastern by the vale of the Douglas, the Haughshaw 

 hills. The general surface of this hilly district is 

 about 1000 feet above the level of the sea. Many of 

 the mountains are of a great height; Lowther Hill is 

 2450 feet high above the same level ; Tinto 2236 feet ; 

 Coulter-fell about the same height ; and Cairntable, 

 on the borders of Ayrshire, measures 1650 feet. 



To the northward of the hills of Tinto, Lanarkshire 

 is, in general, a fine champaign and variegated eoun-- 

 try, declining to the north-west, and in many situations 

 remarkable for its picturesque beauty, and the gran- 

 deur of its scenes. 



Many beautiful vales stretch alongst the numerous 

 rivers. The chief of these is the vale of Clyde, extend- 

 ing from about two miles above Lanark, to within 

 three or four miles of Glasgow, every where remarka- 

 ble for its natural beauties, its numerous country seats, 

 its waterfalls, rovnsntic dells, orchards, hanging woods, 

 and cultivated fields. 



The principal river of the county, and in point of com- Riveri 

 mercial importance the first in Scotland, is the Clyde; 

 which, traversing the whole length of Lanarkshire, 

 gives it the name of Clydesdale. It collects its supplies 

 from no less than 1200 square miles of surface, includ- 

 ing the areas described by its tributary streams. Its 

 farthest source is situated near Queensberry-hill, at the 

 southern extremity of the county, at the head of a rivu- 

 let called the Crook-burn, flowing into the river Daer, 

 and which, after a course of several miles, is joined 

 by a stream called Little Clyde ; this last has its rise 

 near the mountain of Clydeslaw, in the vicinity of 

 which the rivers Tweed and Annan have also their 

 sources. 



The general direction of the river is towards the 

 north-west. In its course, by a noble sweep, it winds 

 around the base of the mountain of Tinto ; then leaving 

 the hilly district of the county, and entering the more 

 cultivated division, at no great distance from the south- 

 ern extremity of the vale of Clyde, it'formsthe cejebrat- 

 ed waterfalls of Bonnington, Corra, Dundaff, and Stone- 

 byres, in the vicinity of the town of Lanark. Continuing 

 to flow through this fine vale, it passes Hamilton, Ru- 

 therglen, and the city of Glasgow, a few miles above 

 which it first receives the influence of the tide; and then 

 gliding onwards, with a smooth and gentle current, and 

 passing Renfrew, Dumbarton, and PortGlasgow, itforms 

 the Frith of Clyde, nearly opposite to Greenock, after 

 a length of course from its most distant source to this 

 point, including its various windings and sinuosities of 

 106 miles, and during which it falls no less than 1100 

 feet. 



The Clyde is navigable for upwards of two miles 



