LANARKSHIRE. 



515 



Lanark, vi. appears to have been once a native of this county, the 

 * skeleton and horns of this animal having been dug up at 

 ~~"' New Lanark, in 1805, and the horns of another at Tor- 

 ranee, near Kilbride. Among the w ilil animals are, the 

 otter, wmitrlla, which is rarrly to be met with, and the 

 weasel. Muurlla vu/gant, which abounds every where. 

 On the dry heathy spots, in the upper part of the coun- 

 ty, you often meet with the retreat of the L'rsu tmelfs, or 

 badger ; and amongst the rocks of Cartlane Craigs, and 

 similar situations, the wild cat, Caltit ferut. The tox, 

 the bare, &c are nearly alike plentiful in the cultivated 

 and barren districts. 



Amongst the feathered tribe, may be reckoned the 

 eagle, Falco ckrytnclot ; the heron, Ardru major ; the 

 wild goose ; and a great variety of the duck kind. 



The wixxN and copses are enlivened by the black- 

 bird, the thrush, the bullfinch, and many other little 

 songsters ; and amongst the woods of Hamilton and 

 Bothwell, the pheasant is now no longer a stranger. 

 The birds of passage are, principally, the swallow, the 

 martin, and the 1-md-ruil, or corn-crake; and the moors 

 and wa-te grounds on either side of the county, abound 

 with game, particularly red and black grouse. 



The rivers and lakes contain the salmon, the floun- 

 der, the brtiie, the trout, the eel, &c. ; and the lower 

 part of the Clyde is visited by several of the inhabitants 

 of the deep, as the porpoise, Dclphinui pkocama, which 

 sometime* visits the Brooniielaw, and has ascended even 

 some mile* farther up the Clj tie. Below the Stonebyre 

 fall, i* also to be found the pearl-bearing muscle, I ' // 1 

 margnrititera, from which pearls have been sometimes 

 though seldom procured. 



Orilhuto. Lanarkshire, lying in the south division of Scotland, 

 T- was situated in the Roman province of Valentia ; and, 



according to Ptolemy, was inhabited by the Dxmini, u 

 nation or tribe of considerable note in the early period 

 of British history. This county was forme ly iruch 

 sore exrenaive than at present, including the whole of 

 Renfrewshire, which, in the reign of Robert III. was 

 disjoined from Lanark, and formed into a separate ju- 

 risdiction, in favour of his elde.t son Jame-t, prince and 

 tewart of Scotland, by a charter of erection, dated at 

 Perth, the 10th of December 1 10*. 



To facilitate the administration of justice, Lanark- 

 shire, which is under tiie jurisdiction of a sheriff-de- 

 pute, and three substitutes, magistrates of burghs, has 

 bet-n long divided into three districts called wards, 

 vi*. the upper ward, to the south-east . the m'ddle 

 ward, so termed from its situation ; and the lower 

 waril, to the north- wet. These wrdt contain 1-1 pa- 

 rishet, xekmve of certain parti of the parochial dis- 

 trict* of Moflfat. Kilbucho, and Cathcirt, which alo be- 

 long to Clydedale ; and form, with the adjoining pa- 

 ruhes of Skirling, Broughton, Glen holm and Kil- 

 bucho, in PerW*-shire, ( umbtrn.mhl, in Dumtiarton- 

 shire, and Cathcart, the jrrrmt.-nt part <>t which belongs 

 to Renfrew, the pr*byrrrir* of Bigjrar, Lanark, Ha- 

 milton, and Glasgow : the first is included in the synod 

 of Lothian and T wet-dale, and the three others in that 

 of (ila-gow and Ayr 



Use upper ward', which is the roost extensive, con- 

 tain-. U square mile*, or 877-846 Scots acres; the 

 middle war. I j miU?, or 1 5 J,y 54 acres ; and the lower 

 ward 7S miles, or 40.078 acre*. 



According to the census of 181 1, the population of 

 the county was as follow* : 



Number of inhabitant* in the upper ward 88, s 



in the middle ward 4 1 .357 

 in the lower ward 1*2,501 

 Total in the county iu 1811, \ 



Since that year, however, the population of some dis- 

 tricts has greatly increased, particularly that containing 

 the city of Glasgow, its suburbs, and of the adjacent ba- 

 rony parish, which contain at present about 120,000; 

 MMaflowinyoaljl 30^0 of increase for the other parts of 

 the county the population of Lanarkshire may now be 

 stated at 21 '5,000. 



The greatest part of this county in former times be- Properly 

 longed, in right of territory, to a few noble and ancient " 



families, particulary those of Douglas, Hamilton, Bkn- 

 tyre, Carnwath, Hyndford, Lee, and the Bishops of 

 C.l.i^ow These great lamlhold rs held their property 

 immediately of the crown in freehold ; in course of time 

 thu was partly again disposed of to another class of oc- 

 cupants, in consideration of military service or ward- 

 holding. Upon its abolition, such persons as held their 

 lands by that tenure had it converted into feu holding, 

 they becoming bound to pay the superior a yearly rent 

 in money or grain, nt-mnit' fcttJiji'ma: Others hold 

 their lands by bit nek-holding, that is, by a simple ac- 

 knowledgment, or, which is much the same, an illusory 

 yearly duty of a penny money, a rose.&c. in acknowledg- 

 ment of the superiority nomine albae jirmae. 



The valued rent of the county in Scots money, by 

 which the land' tax and other assessments are propor- 

 tioned, U as follows : 



Tpper ward 62,140 17 2 



Middle ward 68,988 7 1 



Lower ward, 30,989 12 7 



Total for the county, 



16 10 



The number of freeholders on the roll (January 

 1818) amounted to 99. Some of the qualifications for 

 thii privilege have been lately sold as high as Jtl350 

 Sterling. 



There are three royal burghs, Lanark, the county 

 town, where the chief courts of the freeholders are held, 

 and the members 61 Parliament for the shire fleeted ; 

 the city of Glasgow, and the town of Itutherglen. The 

 other town* are Hamilton, a burgh of barony, Strath- 

 nvt-n. Douglas, Biggar, Airdrie; and many thriving and 

 populous villiiges, as Leadhills, Carnwath, Carluke, 

 Stonehouse, Wishawtown, &C. 



Many extensive coppices and natural woods adorn Woods and 

 this county, particularly near the banks of the Clyde, plantation*, 

 and, from the Falls, downwards. These are supposed to 

 amount to .iliout yjOO acre*, und :ire cut periodically in 

 certain portions or allotments called hags. Till with- 

 in tlu-M- ?i year> there was very little attention paid to 

 the planting of wood. The late John Earl of Hyndford 

 was the fir-t nobleman who began to plant on a great 

 cale; and being much abroad as ambassador t<i differ- 

 ent courts, his designs were carried into execution by 

 James Denholm, Esq. commissary of Lanark, his Lord- 

 *l,i|.'- factor, who, in the c -urge of a few years, reckon- 

 ing from 17.18. planted upwards of ItttO acres; and 

 since then great additions have been made. The pre- 

 sent Lord Douglas has also planted very large tracts, 

 << finding at ieiist to about 2000 acres ; and the other 

 landholders have in like manner paid much attention 

 to this object. It is not easy to state what may be the 

 extent of the plantations in the county ; they likely, how- 

 ever, exceed at this time (1818) 85OO acres. 



The orchard* in Clydesdale are deservedly celebrated. Orcbar*. 

 They lie chiefly on the banks of the Clyde betwixt La- 

 nark and Hamilton, and may extend to about 360 acres. 

 The principal orchards are those of Cambu^nethan 

 and Dalziel. The fruit of Cambusnethan ill some sea- 



