516 



LANARKS'HI RE. 



l.fltmk- sons has sold as high as ,800 or 900: the average 



> >lirt j may be reckoned between .>00 and ()0 ). So remai k- 



""V able, however, lias been the failure of the fruit in the 

 vale of Clyde lust year, 1817, that that orchard only 

 yielded the sum of. r >l It's. In ISOI and 1804, the va- 

 lue of the fruit from the different orchards amounted to 

 5000 per annum; and in the first of these years half 

 an acre of orchard-ground brought no less a sum than 

 150. 



/igriculture. The arable ground lies principally in the districts 

 extending from the eastern base of Tinto down- 

 wards, alongst the Clyde, and its tributary streams 

 to the extremity of the shire. The soil in the upper 

 ward, particularly in the neighbourhood of Lanark, is 

 light and friable; this shades into the clay soil, the cha- 

 racteristic of that in the middle and lower divisions. 

 The arable land along the. Clyde, above the falls, is su- 

 perior to any in the lower part of the county, exceed- 

 ing in real intrinsic fertility the fine low grounds, 

 which are 400 or 500 feet less elevated ; and the har- 

 vests are in these more elevated districts often earlier. 

 The rotation of crops differs in different parts. In the 

 lighter soils of the upper ward, the most prevalent me- 

 thod is, to divide the arable ground into eight parts, 

 and each, in its turn, undergoes the following rotation : 

 First year, fallow, or turnips in drills, and manured, 

 and a portion of potatoes ; second, barley, sown with 

 grass seeds ; third, hay ; fourth, fifth, and sixth, pas- 

 ture ; seventh and eighth, oats. In the middle ward, the 

 following is prevalent: First year, the land is summer- fal- 

 lowed, dunged, and limed, and wheat sown; second, 

 beans and pease ; third, oats, with grass seeds ; fourth, 

 hay, which is cut for one or two years, and afterwards 

 pastured, as long as it is thought fit to let it rest. In the 

 lower ward the following rotation is the most appro- 

 ved : The farm is divided into five lots, and each ma- 

 naged thus: First year, The land is spring- fallowed, 

 manured, and potatoes planted ; second, wheat is sown 

 as soon as the potatoes are taken up, and grass seeds 

 sown among the wheat in the spring ; third year, hay, 

 twice cut ; fourth year, hay, once cut, and the after- 

 foggage pastured ; fifth year, the field having been 

 manured, in the latter part of harvest, with a compost 

 of lime, and some kind of earth, is cropped with oats. 

 Sometimes barley is sown instead of wheat, and some- 

 times the land is spring fallowed. After the wheat and 

 barley, it is sown with grass-seeds ; and thus the rota- 

 tion takes in another year. 



The draught horses of this county are deservedly ce- 

 lebrated. They are bred principally in the upper dis- 

 tricts of the county, and purchased by dealers from all 

 quarters, at the fairs of Lanark, Carnwath, Glasgow, 

 and Rutherglen. The superior qualities of the horse 

 has greatly diminished the number of oxen ; the num- 

 ber of these now kept is inconsiderable, perhaps not ex- 

 ceeding 200. The cows here are a mixture of many dif- 

 ferent kinds. Of late years, a considerable attention 

 has been paid to the improving of the breed ; and, 

 in consequence, they are gradually increasing in size 

 and value, and may amount to about 30,000. Sheep 

 are chiefly reared in the higher parts of the county. 

 The numbers are continually varying, but may be sta- 

 ted at 120,000. The rearing of swine has never yet 

 been a great object here, though now more attended to 

 than formerly. We have- no rabbit warrens, and very 

 few deer. Domestic fowls are, however, in abundance, 

 and vast numbers are annually brought to market. 



Fro-n the co-opi ration of n number of causes which 

 our limits will not Mow as to investigate, the manu- 

 factures and commerce of Lanarkshire have arisen to a 



Lire stock. 



Manufac- 

 tures and 

 rommeree 



pitch of greatness and extent hitherto unknown in the 

 northern part of the island, and rivaling the first com- 

 mercial districts, either in Britain,. or on the. Continent. ^, . 

 At an early period, tliu inhabitants appear**) have been u ,r es an ,i 

 much engage'! in the !myii:g and selling of wool; the comment 

 manufacture of coarse wooiicn cloths for home con- 

 sumpt; the making of malt ; and brewing of ales. In 

 process of time, these branches of business were ex- 

 tended, and some of the produce of the manufactures 

 were exported from Glasgow, in the lower part of the 

 county, which was favourably situated for a trade of 

 this kind ; and, owing to this and some other circum- 

 stances, the manufECtures and commerce of that city 

 gradually increased, and attained, in a short time, a pre- 

 eminence over the other districts. In 1718, the first 

 vessel belonging to Clyde crossed the Atlantic ; and 

 in 173.5, so much had the trade extended, that Glas- 

 gow counted no less than 67 vessels trading to foreign 

 countries, with a tonnage of 56(10 tons. 



About the beginning, and towards the middle of last 

 century, a great deal of fine linen and checks was 

 made, and immense quantities of yarn spun every 

 where in the county. This encouraged the establish- 

 ment of the manufactures of lawns and cambrics ; which 

 continued for many years to give employment to an 

 extensive population. In the mean time, commerce 

 still continued to prosper, and an immense quantity of 

 American produce, particularly tobacco, was imported 

 into Clyde: no less than 57,143 hogsheads of that ar- 

 ticle, the year previous to the breaking out of the Ame- 

 rican war, having been imported by the merchants of 

 Glasgow. Beside the linen, check, lawn, and cambric 

 manufactures, which were carried on, there were seve- 

 ral others, as glass, the incle manufacture, and calico 

 printing. 



The American war gave a severe shock to the com- 

 merce of this district. By degrees, however, new chan- 

 nels of trade were found out ; and its effects began to be 

 less felt, when the cotton manufacture was introduced, 

 which soon became an object of great attention. Cot- 

 ton mills were erected in different situations in the 

 county the muslin manufacture commenced, and pros- 

 pered ; and thus manufactures and commerce went 

 hand in hand, with increasing success, to the present 

 time. 



The most remarkable spinning establishment is that 

 of New Lanark, belonging to Messrs. Owen and Co. (see 

 LANARK, New.) These mills contain, at present, 23,000 

 spindles for the manufacture of water twit, besides the 

 mule spindles, whieh form a large proportion of the 

 spinning there. The Blantyre mills, the property of 

 Messrs. Monteith and Co. produce also a great quantity 

 of yarn : There are 8000 water spindle*, and 22,000 . 

 mules. In the vicinity of Glasgow there are also very 

 extensive works, particularly at Andtr&ton, Woodside, 

 the Gorbals, Calton, Bridgeton, Cowcaddens, Ruther- 

 glen, Wyndford, Coal Quay, and Tradestown. The num- 

 ber is 36, besides lesser establishments : and if to these 

 we add the others in the county, the totnl number will 

 be about 4'^, employing nearly 450,000 spindles, and 

 producing annually cotton yarn to the value of nearly 

 one million Sterling. 



Besides a very great number of weavers employed 

 in working the yarn, there are in the county five large 

 buildings filled with power loams, which weave daily a 

 great quantity of cloth. The number of looms employed 

 in this manner amounts to 1500. Bleaching, callen- 

 dering, and other operations relative to this manufac- 

 ture, are also carried on. At Glasgow there are 18 

 callender works ; at which upwards of 11 7,000 yards 



