LANARKSHIRE. 



517 



kire. 



are finished daily, exclusive of about 30,000 glazed, 

 and 111>.X> dressed, or which do not pass under the 

 action of the callender. Several other branches of bu- 

 sines-i, depending on the cotton manufacture, are also 

 carried on to a great extent ; as the dyeing of Turkey 

 red, which employ*, at 10 works, between 300 and 

 400 people ; the printing of calicoes ; the preparation 

 of cudbear of sulphuric acid aquafortis bleaching 

 liquor soda pyroligneous acid sugar of lead mu- 

 riatic acid Huuric arid and acetous acid, or vinegar. 

 That a more distinct idea may be obtained of the si- 

 tuation of the great staple manufacture of this county, 

 the following Table is subjoined, of the quantities of 

 cotton imported into Glasgow in 1816 and 1817. 



The iron manufacture is also carried on to a great Lanark - 

 extent. The number of works for smelting the ore, 

 and converting it into pig-iron, is five Clyde, Calder, yTanuiV^" 

 Cleland, or Ornoa, Shotts, and Wilsontown. The first , ure ., am j 

 of these, has two blast furnaces ; Calder one, Cleland commerce. 

 two, Shotts two, and Wilsontown two. Besides these, 

 there are about twelve founderies in Glasgow and its 

 neighbourhood, where great quantities of pig-iron are 

 converted into articles of general demand. The manu- 

 facture of glass bottles was early introduced, and is still 

 continued with success ; that of flint glass, or crystal, is 

 of more recent date, but is carried on with taste and 

 spirit. In addition to these, may be mentioned the 

 making of ropes the brewing of porter and a.m, which 

 is now an extensive and well-conducted business the 

 pottery manufacture the distilling of spiritous liquors 

 and various others in different parts of the county, 

 which our limits will not allow us to particularize. 



The flourishing state of the cotton manufacture has 

 contributed essentially to the present prosperity of com- 

 merce ; the annual value of the imports and exports 

 to and from the Clyde, amounting to an immense s>um, 

 the value of the exports from that river, for 1815, be- 

 ing no less than 4,016,181, 12s. 2^d. Sterling; and 

 tin <e are likely*8till to increase, more especially since by 

 the great attention which has been paid to the deepen, 

 ing of the Clyde to Glasgow, a very great part of the 

 foreign produce, and coasting trade, is now brought up 

 to the city, employing a considerable and annually in- 

 creasing number of vessels. The following Table shews 

 the quantities of the imports of the three principal ar- 

 ticles of colonial produce into Clyde for 1H17: 



There are three canals connected with this county, 

 viz. the Forth and Clyde Canal, the Monkland Canal, 

 and that of Ardrossan. 



The fir.it connect* the firths of Forth and Clyde, and 

 run* acrou the i-tlunm betwixt the middle and south- 

 ern divisions of Scotland. It was fimt proposed in the 

 reign of Charles II. ; and the idea was afterward* seve- 

 ral times revived, and attempt* mad* to carry it into 

 exec, :iy unforeseen obstacles, however, pre- 



vented any thing from being done till the year 1764, 

 when a survey having been made by Mr. Smeaton, by 

 desire of the Board of Trustees, a company was formed, 

 and an act of parliament obtained for this purpose in 

 . for making a canal even tret deep. Ily thii 

 act, the company were empowered to raise 150.000, 

 JO shares, of 100 each, and to borrow 50,000 : 

 The dividends to the proprietors not to exceed 10 per 

 cent. ; and when it exceeded that mm, the act ordained 

 that the toll* were to be lowered. 



The operation, upon thi canal began on the lOth of 

 July I7(H ; and in July l~~:',, it wa completed a far 

 _' Field, where a side-cut goes off to Port Dun- 

 das, in t/ie immediate vicinity of Glasgow. The e- 

 penre having at this time exceeded the estimate, and 

 the fund* being exhausted, an act was obtained from 

 govcrnmr i''i from the forfeited estate*, go- 



vernment drawing dividend* alongst with the other pro- 



prietors. In consequence of this assistance, the work 

 again recommenced ; and the canal was finished in In- 

 ly 1790, when the opening of the navigation took place. 

 This canal is raised from the Carnm near the Forth by 

 JO lock*, to the summit level l."i(i feet, un<l descends to 

 the Clyde, after passing a remarkable aqueduct over the 

 river Kelvin, by 19 locks, in the whole 39. The ex- 

 treme length of the navigation is C>J miles ; the medium 

 wultli lit the surface of the canal is .V> feet, and of the 

 bottom 't~ t ; the depth throughout the whole being 8 

 feet. Vessels of 19 feet beam, (JO leet keel, and draw- 

 ing feet water, can pass along the navigation, the 

 banks having been raised a foot since 1787. The canal 

 is supplied with water by 8 reservoirs, which yield 

 annually 24,902 lockfulls. In addition to these, are 

 several streams and feeders, by which an incn 

 annual supply of 29,593 lock! tills can be obtained when 

 required. 



That this canal has been productive of great advan- 

 tages to the country in a commercial point of view, will 

 appear from the following state of its revenue at differ- 

 ent periods. 



In the yesr 177+, the revenue amounted to . 619 IS 7} 

 17HO, ... . 8836 14 U 



1786 ."HI 18 4 



1792, IMS* 3 



