LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



545 



r M 

 Vienna. 



splendid example exhibited by Field Marshal Lacy, at 

 Dornbach, near Vienna, and which would probably 

 originate in the family connections of that warrior in 

 England. It was laid out by the German architect 

 iur, and an English gardener Morrison, between 

 the years 1766 and 1770, at an expence of half a mil- 

 lion of florins. Its picturesque views and extensive 

 prospects are much and deservedly admired ; but on 

 the whole, as an English garden, it owes much more to 

 nature than to art. Lacy's example was soon followed 

 by a number of proprietors near Vienna ; and an ac- 

 count of various English gardens is to be found in the 

 guides to that city and its environ*. The imperial cha- 



Laxem- teau and gardens of Luxembourg, is an extensive ex- 

 ample of art applied to the emMlishment of grounds in 

 the Fngl'Mi manner ; but rather in the manner of 

 Brown than of Kent. The Prater, situated in an island 

 on the Danube, in part an artificial grove, and in part 

 nn extensive natural forest of venerable oaks and thorns, 

 open to the public, is certainly the most natural and 

 picturesque public park in Europe ; as the ground* of 

 Schoenbrunn are the. most majestic and extensive ex- 

 u: i|ilc of the ancient style of irard< 



A. Q. 19U. There are now specimens of i gardening, more 



or Ie ex 1 n the capital towns oft-very state in 



.my ; but, with a very ( they are of 



very ins- iption, ar when the novel- 



ty of the style has passed away, are not at all likely to 

 prrpetint in these countries. From the arid 



oil ami limited extent, rc'iilt had turf, and an air of 

 constraint ; and from too many buildings and v 



icting bustle v are crowded 



paths, rontiiu. 



each other, little clumps, and useless seats 

 and very frequently reseml 

 min or' caricaturists, than 



short, the defects o! -h style in every country, 



we more frequently copied than the beauties ; which, 

 we presume, arues from the circumstance of few of 

 ilmv who lay out such gardens, having had a proper 

 -f the end in view : them, vi/. a painter- 



like effect in every case, where it does not interfere 

 with utility, or some other preferable beauty ; and, in 

 many cases, an entir. > natural scenery. Itisdif- 



ficult for a person of : ication and travel to form 



a distinct idea really are. The 



,-ner can seldom d:\- i of a very 



-1 and compact spare as requisite for this purpose ; 

 the reverse of which i> the c.-.sc with all our best scenes, 



f ornamental, horticulture, anil pictiirr-ijin- beauty, 

 h garden* in t . n, Hruns- 



. iiiir, and other 



places, ha- rrm.irk-, in which even 



those proffsaeil! n l'rus.ia. might lie included. 



are some excr r 'iom which might be pointed out 



( these gardens, see t Al- 

 nn tin Pare 

 .' >>',trih. Erfurt 1 

 Breslaw, and the walk at 

 " referred 



lea* obw :-eraI remark. 



The princip::! rximple* of the new style in Prussia, 

 . royal gardens at the summer residence of ( liar- 

 lottenbur.- rick the Great, 



luring tile reign of Frederic-U'il- 

 They arc not extensive, and are situated on a 

 r flat, washed by the Spree ; under which 

 unfavourable circumstances, it would be wonderful 

 if they were very attractive. In one part of these 

 VOL. xu. PART n. 



nmtinually intersecting 

 iseless Mats or temples, 

 lore the attempts of ini- 

 iators of our taste. In 



gardens, a Doric mausoleum of great beauty, contains History, 

 the ashes of the much lamented queen. A covered ave- X *"Y~ 1 " 

 nue of Scotch firs, leads to a circle of the same tree, 100 

 or 150 feet in diameter. Interior circles are formed of 

 cypresses and weeping willows, and within these, a bor- 

 der of white roses and white lilies, (Lilium candidum). 

 The form of the mausoleum is oblong, and its end pro- 

 jects from this interior circle directly opposite the co- 

 vered avenue. A few steps descend from the entrance 

 to a platform, in which, on a sarcophagus, is a reclining 

 figure of the queen : a stair at one side, leads to the 

 door of a vault containing her remains. 



The ga:den of the palace of the Heiligen see, is avow- Heiligen 

 ediy English, and is in much better taste than that at * e c- 

 Charlottenburg. The palace is almost entirely marble, 

 of chaste Grecian architecture; and placed close to the 

 lake, a covered way leads to the kitchen 100 feet dis- 

 tant, disguised under the form of a temple rising from 

 the water. These sumptuous works are the joint pro- 

 duction of Mr. Langhans and Mr. Gontard ; and it is 

 said that Professor llirschfield was consulted on the 

 plan for the gardens. 



The Germans have no original author on the sub- Writers. 

 ject of landscape gardening. Professor Baron Hirsch- 

 tield. almost their only writer on the subject, published 

 ." r >enrie dcr litirlcnl-iin.it, in 1773, in 12mo; which 

 contains a succinct outline of the history and princi- 

 f gardening, and seems to have been circulated 

 with a view to procure information for his larger work, 

 the first volume of which appeared in Germany, in 

 quarto, under the title of 1'chcr tier Gartcnknnitt, and 

 in Holland under the French title, " Nur les Jardins," 

 in 177JI. and the last, or fifth volume, in 1783. It 

 contains a valuable assemblage of historical informa- 

 tion up to that time, some interesting descriptions, 

 drawn from Wheatley, Girardin, and other authors, 

 and a just and comprehensive view of the principles of 

 gardening. The work is illustrated with many plates, 

 chieHy of buildi. 



1 In- ti>llowi:inr are a few of the principal German 



work* on gardening, besides those above mentioned. 



r (iaririikmist, H'int, Svo. 178S. Hirschfield 



irienkuntt rind tier Mafer- 



ry, (GothaMi -irn xiiii Parks, S;c. Leip- 



M)8. Ameeituiii; fur onl/iung der Garten in Eng- 

 i .i-ip. I Till-. See a more complete 

 list in Suiter's 7 lirorie des beaut Arts, <Jj-c. 



The first gardens laid out in the modern style, are Modern 

 those of the imperial residence of Zarskojezelo, begun style in 

 in 177# by Mr. Hush, an Englishman, and father of Russia, 

 their present superintendant. The gorgeous magnifi- 

 cence of this residence is well known. A natural 

 hirch forest, on ground somewhat varied, forms the 

 ground-work of the park and gardens. The gate by 

 which they are approached, is an immense arch, of ar- 

 tificial rock-work, over which is a lofty Chinese watch 

 tower. The first group of objects is a Chinese town, 

 through which the approach leads to the palace; a 

 building, which with its enclosed entrance, court, of- 

 fices, baths, conservatories, church, theatre, and other 

 nppendagcs, it would seem like exaggeration to de- 

 scribe. The rest of the garden scenery consists of 

 walks, numerous garden buildings, with bridges of 

 marble and wood, a large lake, and extensive kitchen- 

 gardens and hothouses. 



The best specimen of the English style, in the neigh- Paulowsky. 

 bourhood of the Russian capital, or indeed in the em- 

 pire, are the grounds of Paulowsky, begun during the 

 reign of Catherine, in 1780, from a design said to have 

 3 z 



