L E I 



707 



L E M 



The population of die parishes of North and South 

 Leith m 1811, wa 



Number of houMt, 

 Number of famiBef, 

 Toul population. 



1923 



W.H 

 SU.363 



The meridian of the observatory of Edinburgh pass- 

 es through I.e.th Fort. 

 l.MMMA. SceLiMMA. 



LMT'IIM, is a maritime county of Ireland, in the 

 province of < 'onnaught, bounded on the north by the 

 counties of Donegal and Fermanagh; on the east by Ca- 

 ran ; on the south by those of Cavan, Longford, and 

 Rosconimon ; and on the west by Sligo. It is about 52 

 L"n^ long. Its greatest breadth is 1 6 miles, and 



its le..>t *i miles ; and it contains 4 7,^60 English acres. 

 td a*. 1 his county is almo>t entirely covered with groups 

 of mountain*, which are not wholly barren, but afford 

 sufficient herbage for the breetling of cattle. Towards 

 the tea the mountains are wild and lofty, and are sepa- 

 rated by deep vallies. The princiiial of these are the 

 Sliwbh-anewr and the Dartry, the last of which rises- to 

 an inrmmiM* height. The huge mountain of Sliebh-an- 

 , which is near the middle of the county, separates 

 the mountainous from the level barriers, which form the 

 southern part of the county. 



caj. There is a great diversity of soil in this county. A 



rich dark soil on a limestone bottom ; a ferruginous 

 loam on the mountains, and an argillaceous stratum, 

 are the principal varieties. There are great quantities 

 of bog and moor land, and a considerable part of the 

 land is in pa&turagr I : < : rms are small, and are ge- 

 nerally occupied in common by a number of tenantry. 

 From this cause agriculture is in a very backward state ; 

 and few attempt* nave been made to improve the land 

 by draining, or by the cultivation of the lx>g and waste 

 lands. Potatoes, barley, rye, and wheat, are raised in 

 mall quantities, and oat* in abundance for home con- 

 sumption. Butter \i produced in great quantities 

 throughout the mountainous part of the county, and is 

 sent to >ligo for sale. The cattle of Leitrim are small. 

 The iheep are very much of the native Irish kind, but 

 their are few in number. 



The following were the prices of labour and articles 

 of provision in 1811. Wages of a man per year 9, 

 S. Ditto of a woman V, Mis. Grazing a cow per 

 yew a horse per year A! 4. Lime per 



barri'l I*. Id. Hay per ton I, IDs. Beef, and mut- 

 ton, and pork per Ib. 5d. Eggs per dozen lOd. Po- 

 taton per atone ->\. 



Bim m I I '* rlver shannon is said to have its origin in this 



bk. county at Lough (lean, though this, however, is claim- 



v a *pot near Florence Court, in the county of Fer- 



man gh. Mr. WakehVld believes, that both these opi- 



niou* are true, and that the Shannon ia derived from 



two rivulets, which afterwards unite. From Lough 



Clean, which ia small lake, the Shannon flows into 



Lough Allen, a lake about SO miles round, and 7 mites 



long, nhich lie* in the centre of the county. There 



are several other lakes and small streams,. which abound 



trout, pike, eel, perch, and bream. 



Moxrak. ' mineral* of this county are numerous and valu- 



able. Iron ore occurs in gre;<t intuit. tie* in the high 

 ground.*, and it is al.-o found in deep and rich beds in 

 the low ground*. Copper and lead, a variety of clays, 

 and plenty of limestone, are also found. Kicii veins of 

 coal have been wrought at \ngno. The seam is in a 

 mountain near J-ough Al..:'i. DM summit of which is a 



Mticrio. bog. These collieries I* -l..-ged originally to a company 

 of the U Keillyn, upon whose failure it fell by mortgage 



rV-r. t 



into the hands of the Latouches. The oal is not of Leitrtaj 

 good quality, and has been employed principally in 

 founderies. 



The manufactures of Leitrim, particularly that of li- 

 nen, are improving rapidly. There are several bleach- 



- i i . tares*. 



mg greens in the county, and numerous potteries near 



Leitrim and Dromahare. 



About a century ago, Leitrim was a continued forest ; 

 and immense heaps of chanvd timber are still seen at 

 Dromshabo. A great deal of wood has lately been 

 planted. 



The principal town of the county is Carrick, which Town* 

 does not contain above 100 houses. Leitrim, about three 

 miles north-east of Carrick, is not considerable enough 

 to be a great town. 



Dr Beaufort estimates the number of houses in this- Population 

 county at 10,026, and the population at 50,000. Dr. 

 M' Parian, who took the number of families in each pa- 

 rish from the books of each individual parish clergy- 

 man, found that they amounted to 15,326, which he 

 multiplied by 5, and obtained the population of 76,639. 

 The majority of the inhabitants are Catholics. Mr. 

 \Vakefield estimates the proportion to be as 30 to- 1, the 

 same as in the county of Sligo. There arc- 17 parishes 

 in the county. See M 'Parian's Survey of Lcilrim; 

 Beaufort's Memoir of a Map of Ireland; Robertson's 

 Traveller's Guide ; and Wakefield's Statistical Account 

 of Ireland, passim 



LEMN1SCATE, is the name of a curve which re- 

 sembles the figure 8. The equation of the curve is- 

 o'v^a'i 1 x. 



LEMNOS, now Stalimene, is an island in the Gre- 

 cian Archipelago, belonging to Turkey. It is about 15 

 miles long and 1 1 broad, and abuumls with mountains 

 and valleys. The whole of its eastern coast is inacces- 

 sible, on account of a shoal which stretches four leagues 

 into the offing. On the west coast, there are a few 

 places of shelter for vessels against northerly winds. 

 There is a large road on the north of the island ; but 

 on the south there are two real harbours, Port Cadia, 

 and Port Sant Antonio, which are not very far from 

 each other. The island of Lemnos is hilly, but very 

 fertile. Its products are corn, cotton, oil, and silk> 

 which is used in the manufacture of a few light stuffs. 

 Sonnini observed here a spring of hot water, ami ano- 

 ther of aluminous water. The species of bole, called 

 Lemnian earth, is still obtained from a hill in the island. 

 This earth was formerly dug up with many religious 

 ceremonies. The principal Turkish and Christian in- 

 habitants met on the 6th of August at a chapel 

 called Solera, halt way between the village of Cochino 

 and the mountain where the earth is found, and thence 

 they went in procession to the top of the mountain, 

 where Greek priests read the liturgy. Certain persons 

 appointed on purpose then began to dig, and as soon 

 as they discovered a vein of the desired earth, they 

 announced it to the priests, who put it into small hair 

 bags, wh'ch they delivered to the Turkish governor and 

 other officers. The excavations are then filled up, and 

 the procession returns back as before. Some of the 

 hair bags are sent to the Turkish emperors, and the 

 rest, marked with his seal, or with the words Tin imacfi- 

 ton, or sealed earth, is sold by the sangiak, or his depu- 

 ties, to the inhabitants, or to foreign merchants. The 

 sangiak accounts annually to the Grand Signior for nig 

 sale of the earth; and the inhabitants are capitally pu- 

 nished, if they in any shape export or trade in that 

 earth without the permission of the sangiak. The two 

 chief places in the island, are Cochino, formerly He- 

 phestias, and Lemno or Stalimene, formerly Merinea, 



