M E M 



Memory MEMORY. See MNEMONICS. 



MEMPHIS is the name of an ancient city of Egypt, 

 which was both large and populous, and celebrated 

 for its magnificent temples and palaces. Dr. Shaw is 

 of opinion that Giseh or Djiza now occupies the scite 



52 MEN 



house. The king of Poland, with the greatest libera. 

 lity, gave him a house and carriage, doubled his pen- 

 sion, and permitted him again to visit Rome. 



Here he copied the School of Athens by Raphael, 



for the Earl of Northumberland ; and, in consequence 

 t* i i 



Mengs. 



of Memphis; but there is renson to think from the of the stoppage of his pension, he executed a fresco- 

 o o. i Tiv._. o _ !.-.. ; :.....f,,,i * ceiling in the church of the Augustines, which ob- 

 tained him great celebrity. 



The king of Naples, who had admired some of 

 Mengs'rpictures, sent for him to Madrid when he as- 

 cended the Spanish throne, and offered him a salary 

 of 2000 dollars, a house and a carriage. Mengs ac- 

 cepted this splendid offer, and arrived in Spain in 

 October 1761, where he was received with great kind- 

 ness. 



Having fallen into a decline, he obtained permission 

 to return to Rome for the benefit of his health. Here he 

 regained his usual strength, and was employed by Cle- 

 ment XIV. to paint in the Vatican. The king of Spain, 

 however, commanded him to repair to Madrid ; but he 

 had scarcely continued in Spain more than 2^ years 

 when his ill-health returned. The king gave him full 

 libc-rty to return to Rome, with his pension of 3000 

 scudi, and 1000 more to divide amcni* his daughters. 



After he had been sometime in Rome, he had the 

 misfortune to lose his wife; and his old complaint 

 having again attacked him, he died in 1779, in the 

 58th year of his age. 



His writings were published after his death by his 

 friend the Chevalier Azara, who states that ali the 

 technical part of Winkelman's History of the Arts was 

 written by Mengs. 



testimony of Strabo, Pliny, &c. that it was situated at 

 some distance from Oiseh. Savary places it at Menf 

 or Memph ; but Dr. Clarke, who agrees with him in 

 his locality of Memphis, says that the name of the village 

 is Menshee a Dashoo, which seems to be Pococke's El 

 Menshieh Dashour. See Herodotus, Lib. ii. Pococke's 

 Description of the East, Vol. i. p. 49. Savary 's Letters 

 01 E?ypt. Hamilton's Eiyplincn, Chap. xi. and Clarke's 

 Travels, Vol iii. p. 128, and 158. 



MENELAUS. See GREECE, Vol. x. p. 4(50, 461. 

 LACEDKMON, Vol. xii. p. 492. 



MENGS, ANTHONY RAPHAEL, a celebrated painter, 

 was born at Ausig in Bohemia, on the 12th of March 

 1728. At the age of I '2 his father, who was a miniature 

 painter, carried him to Rome, where he remained three 

 years, studying and copying the works of celebrated 

 painters. Upon his return to Dresden, he employed 

 himself in painting portraits in crayons, in consequence 

 of which he became known to the king of Poland, who 

 made him his cabinet painter, and gave him a house 

 and a pension. Mengs now returned to Rjme to re- 

 sume his early studies, and he began to compose his 

 own pictures. Here he married a lady, Margarita 

 Guazzi, with whom he hopeil to establish himself per- 

 manently at Rome ; but at the end of four years his 

 father forced him to return to Dresden in 1749, and 

 having seized his whole property, turned him from his 



MENSURATION. 



Mensura- (jfEOMETRiCAL magnitudes of every kind may be ex- 

 ' ' pressed in numbers, by considering how often each 

 ~" Y " contains some unit of its own kind. 



A square, the side of which is the lineal unit, serves 

 to measure surfaces; and the number of times a super- 

 ficies contains its unit, is its area. 



A cube, of which the base is the superficial unit, or 

 its side the lineal unit, is the unit of solids ; and the 

 number of times it is contained in a solid is the content, 

 or solidity. 



Mensuration is the system of rules by which the nu- 

 meral measures of geometrical magnitudes are found : 

 It may therefore comprehend Plane Trigonometry, al- 

 though, for reasons of convenience, we propose to treat 

 that subject as a distinct theory. 



The smallest lineal unit in common use is an inch, 

 and from this other measures are formed, as in the fol. 

 lowing Table. 



The measures of France may be converted into Mensura- 

 those of England, by considering that a French toise ' tion. 

 = 21315 English yards ; and a French metre := 39-37 1 ^^^-y-^*' 

 English inches. 



TABLE OF SUPERFICIAL MEASURE. 



144 Square Inches . . . . = 1 Square Foot. 



9 Square Feet =1 Square Yard. 



30J Square Yards . . . . = I Square Pole. 



40 Square Poles =1 Rood. 



Roods =1 Acre. 



4 

 10 



Square Chains or 100,000 \ 

 Square Links 



=r 1 Acre. 



12 

 3 

 2 



5: 



40 



8 



3 



60 



TABLE OF LINEAL MEASURES. 



Inches ....=: 1 Foot. 



Feet =1 Yard. 



Yards .... =1 Fathom. 

 Yards ....=! Pole or Rod. 



Poles = i Furlong. 



Furlongs . . . = 1 Mile. 

 Miles . . . . . = i League. 

 Geographical Miles 1^ 



or 694 English Miles . J 

 Note. An inch is supposed equal to 3 barley corns 



4 Poles or 66 Feet . 1 , ,-, ... 

 100 Links each 7-92 inches} = l En S llsh Cham. 

 100 Links, measuring 74 feet = 1 Scots Chain. 



640 Acres =1 Square Mile. 



Nnle. The Scots acre is to the English acre as 

 100.000 to 7^,694, or, in smaller numbers, 48 Scot* 

 acres = 6l English acres. 



TABLE OF SOLID MEASURE. 



1728 Cubic Inches = 1 Cubic Foot. 

 27 Cubic Feet = 1 Cubic Yard. 



Note. 282 Cubic Inches = 1 Ale Gallon. 



231 . do. . = 1 Wine Gallon. 

 2150.42 do. . = A Winchester Bushel. 

 105 . do. . =1 Scots Pint. 



The Wheat Firlot contains 21 i Scots Pints. 

 The Barley Firlot contains 31 Scots Pints* 



