M E T A P H V S I C S. 



Perfineof 

 Ike An- 

 IMdun 



I. .:. 



than ever, when it was found that Ramui favoured the 



pie* of the Reformation. He waa obliged 16 leave 

 France ; and afte* trweUiug three year* in Gennany, 



t the principal um> iir unfortunatelj re- 



solved to return to Paris, where be lost lii* life by the 

 band of a hired at.uuin in the infamous masaacre of 



irtholomrw's r 



But it wa the n formation in religion which com- 

 pleted tile, overthrow < m philosophy. 

 Luther had lieen early instructed in the I'eripatetii 

 trmes, and in all the uhtleties of the scholastic philo- 

 sophy a- taught by 1'homa* Aquinas, Dun* Scot u. and 

 other* ; and had attached himself to the party of the 

 Nominalist* in the dispute about unin-r- 1-. When, 

 however, hi* eye* were opened to tee the error* ol the 

 Romish doctrine*, he began to question the valid 

 the principle* on which these error* had chiefly rested 

 for Mippurt. The re*ult was a thorough conviction of 

 the muiility of the Aristotelian method, and an 

 nant and contumelious contempt of it- quibble* and 

 fake refinement*. " What don it contribute, sav 

 toward* the knowledge of thing*, to be perpetually 



_ and cavilling in language conceived and pre- 

 scribed by ArUtotle concerning matter, form, motion, 

 Hid time In Luther'* ardent temperament, the heat 

 of controversy might ea-ily carry him unwarranted 

 length* in expressing hi* contempt for Antotle' doc- 

 trine*. He wa* no enemy to sound philosophy, but 

 be waa ai ree the world Irom the yoke ot au- 



thority, both in philosophy and religion. 



The defection being thus begun, the revolt soon be- 

 came general. I'tie method of induction 

 ed by the powerful genma of Bacon, complrtely 

 mined the authority of Amlole in pHy.x-al r seen, he* ; 

 and Demesnes soon began to think lor him. 

 devise a new method of studying the philosophy of the 

 mod. The 6r*t thing he .Id was to dssmiaa 

 i mind all reverence for any preceding doctrine* 

 Hi- w.-nt lartln (tempted 



to ditcard all prrviou* brbef which wa* not < Ublihed 

 on dciuoiMtrat on. The int poml, then. wa to aacer- 

 tain n i realty of hi* own rxutencv; and we should 

 think it would not have been very easy to have done 



o the satisfaction of* man who eriously doubted 

 of it -lietl linn> If on this point. howe< 



4,-nal ntiM 



ul pa ennu id ifMai ipto lemport quo c -mini 



<liu, rgo ru.-ilo, tiga 



turn, tit omnium primm <t cvrtummm. faw c*Mttt nrsbs* 

 fbttoo An nit uerurral. Hoing thus seliahrd liim-elf 

 mjf hi* own existence, he next prwenli to examine what 

 evnJence be baa fur i.ce of any ot.ier object or 



bataeuja bieidea l-imsrlf. He had bson icuMomed 

 to Iwlieve in an . xiern.il world . on reflection, however, 

 be found lhat all he knew of that world wa* in liim- 

 elf; and thercfere he waa entitled lo doubt t e reabty 

 of ii' eai'tence; becauae a>anie superior being 

 hare deaired to deceive him. But he i< Mire >. cannot 

 rd a* to the >\ .m by whii-h hr pnivr* hi* 

 own existence F' ut tut ijui'ijuu / r-t. ximtjHrji 



itt ml m ki nm 



oo. utm..-: r nd tliat be had 



believed the xi-'i-i.n t 'iierttal objects only far I 

 otto umpuln ; ..P. I hi- now proceed- ' r g- 



he atifi<-< him*elf th..- 

 rm a clear idea of t 



U- do not exist in himaelf ; 

 since he ; ne idea of them, there mu*t be 



an archetype of thai idea ; and this carries him at once 



-:- 

 mt i 



to the Supreme Being, as possessing all the attributes 

 which he had conreived of him 



1 lii reasoning is iii^eiiimi-. and we Khali give it in his 

 own word : ' Qnia Uei, five cntis >umrui ideam ha- 

 bemu in IIM'II-. j'irf ssumus ezaminare, a quanam 

 causa ilUm haliemnu^ : UnUmque in ea immensttatrm 

 inveniemus. ut plane ex r<> -nini- c<-rti, nti |x>->c ilUm 

 inilitaai. tmi a re, in qua -:' n . < r i omnium 

 perfectiiMiuin iimiplrtnentu'ii, hm- et, nii a Deo n 



i eniui Imiiitie n.-itnr ill iK)ti--:iiiiun. nun 

 modo a niliilii mini t'u-ri ; tier id qiiixl e-t |M-rl'e>-lui-i ab 

 i .. <|iid e-t ininu* jM-rleftum ut a causx efficien'i- ft 

 totali (jnxliu- . -rd nrqiie eti un in nobit idemn rive 



non alien!)!, five in 



extra no, archetypu- aliq-iit oinni'S 

 tjn- perfectione* mpui contineiM. existit. l-'.t quia 

 -iiiuni.u ilUi |H .|ii.runi idc.ini habt-niu-, nuU 



lo mixlo in nonia repennu". ex hoc ipn m-te cmic!uili> 

 mus ea* in .difuio a not>i-> divt , in deo, rse ; 



vel c-erte idiquando J'uie, rx quo evi(ientiiine e- 

 <|ui'ur,ipwudhuce*<e." P'tHci/i Pktliuo It />tr* / rmta. 



I lii' i, prrllap* 4> u'xxlMii a firiuri iirt>iniieiit tor tin 



iatenMofn . ; nd uuteetl. in -ome re. 



spectn.il i-notunlike it. l)r.( l.<rke*eemlohave Irarrow. 



.irgumeni II.HII the Ibllowmi; [./.. n \ , \> ton 



mu- ct el infiriitu-. oini: .111- 



i i -I ilurat aitetenio me- ' adest ab 



in iniii. uiitas, >ed 



' et uilii o et gpatium, ed 



i 'urat semper, el ale-*t utiuiue ; et exi- 



Undo eoi| 



tuit " ' ig!y lrM 





 d theolii^ Dr. I 



Sjwiv mid time, be obwrve*, arc only ab- 

 -:-..' . .. .: , of M ' "!'. i .'i . !i : ly, ii( !i 

 force tbctnselve* on our belief; and a* imintiif.'y and 



. -t IK- llu- iltril'utct 



oi a Being who i* nece*<rily immene and <lrin.il. 

 i ill by and by examine the luund itioii of tbi* ar- 

 gumeal 



arte* having satUftVd himtclfa* to the - 

 of a (i.i.1. no lunger he-n .it - in .: knowledjfing the 

 realit.% of n ex .1. t..r i. -thiiilie 



God whom he nerve* will not decrive him ; a* a iK 

 to deceive can 

 we*kne; n<nu ie*can e?er apply to ' 



Dt*carte* adopted the common theory repect injr per- 

 cvption. Till hi* day, and long after it, nulKxIy . 

 ed that certain image* were propagated : 

 one unaccountable mam > produ 



the mind. Antotle, a* we have alr.a. 'u- 



trafa* thia, by laying that the sense* receive sen-ible 

 specie*, or form > wax rtceive the 



iniprewi n of a >cal, wiilu.nt rt-.-civing any pa.t of the 

 MilwUnce. The receive- 1 i 



and we do not luiw it that no- 



tl.in/ can net where it i-> not ; ai.d tlici. tier 



be different from mind, there mn 



a it were, into contact. This 



half me- 



taphy* cal, linlf phy- a* tliat of animal 



, nd t! e like. M itli 



a view to explain the way in wnu-li tlie in-material ->ub- 



v external objrcti. 

 obrlunlr; nor c*n we 



form any .1 matrr al and 



.in i in material substance ; or < unrr in whidi 



body act* on spirit, or this on material aubatanccs. An 



Descarlet* 

 argument 

 for the i- 

 intrnce of 



Theories to 

 perception. 



