MINERALOGY. 



557 



Oryetogno- FlttST SnBSfECIES. 



7- OCHBY BROWN IRON-ORE, Jameson, Ockriger 



Brauneisenstein, Werner. 



External Character! Colour light yellowish-brown. 

 Occurs massive and disseminated. Internally dull. 

 Fracture coarse earthy. Soils slightly. 



Geognoslic and Geographic Situations. It occurs 

 along with the compact and fibrous subspecies, in Eng- 

 land, Germany, France, &c. 



Ute It affords excellent bar-iron. 



SECOND SUBSPECIES. 



Compact COMPACT BROWN IHON-OKE, Jameson. Dichter 

 jrown iron Brauneisenstein, Werner. 



External Characters. Colours yellowish-brown and 

 clove- brown. Occurs massive and disseminated ; very 

 rarely in supposititious crystals. Internally dull, or 

 semimetallic glimmering. Fracture even, sometimes 

 also fine-grained uneven. Streak yellowish-brown. 



Bergzabern. 



Constit. Paris. -Peroxide of Iron, . 8* 



Water, . . 11 



Oxide of Manganese, 1 



Silica, . . 298 



Daubuimon, Annal. de Chi in. 



Geognoilic and Geographic Situations. It occurs in 

 the Mine geognostic and geographic situations as the 

 following subspecies. 



Utrs. It affords about 5O per cent, of Iron. It is 

 easily fusible- It affords excellent bar-iron. 



THIRD SUBSPECIES. 



Pibroui FIBROUS BROWN IKON-OHE, or BKOWN HEMATITE, 

 brovn iron Jamrton. Brauner Glaskopf, Werner. 

 * "* External Characters Colour brown. Seldom oc- 



he- cur, ma8g jve, more frequently ttolaclitic, t-oralloidal, 

 renifurm, botryoidal, tuberose; sometimes also cylin- 

 drical, fructicose. and in distinct concretions, which are 

 fibrous, granular and lamellar. Internally glimmering ; 

 lustre intermediate between pearly and rcsii 



Fibrous Bergzabera. 



Conttit. Partt. Peroxide of Iron, . 79 

 Water, . . 15 



Oxide of Manganese, 2 



Silica, . . 399 



Geognoitic and Geographic Situations. Occurs in 

 primitive, transition, and secondary mountains in Eng- 

 land, Germany, Italy, \-c. 



FOURTH SUBSPECIES. 



Br8Wn BROWN CLAY IROX-OBE. Jamrton. 



day iron- This subspecies is divided into five kinds, viz. Coin- 

 ore, mon Brown Clay Iron-ore, Pisiform Brown Clay Iron- 

 ore, Reniform Brown Clay Iron-ore, Granular Brown 

 Clay Iron-ore, and Umber. 



Common First Kmtl. COMMON BROwNCnv I RON-ORE, Jamfion. 



Brown Etternal Characters. Colours brown and yellow. 



njr iron Occurs massive. Internally dull or feebly glimmering. 

 Ore. Fracture conchoidal ; also even and uneven. Streak 



brown. 



Constituent Paris Oxide of Iron, . 69 



Oxide of Manganese, 3 

 Water, . . 13 



Silica, . . 10 



Alumina, . S 98 



Dauhuistoi. , Annal. de Chim. Sept 1810. 

 Grngnoitic and Geographic Situations. ll occurs in 

 Finland ; also in Saxony, Bohemia, Silesia, and West- 

 phalia, in beds in secondary rocks. 



"iti K-nd. PISIFORM BROWN IRON-ORE or PEA- 

 OBK, Jameson. Bohnerz. ll'emer. 



External Characters. Colour yellowish-brown. Oc- 



I'mforrn 



Brown 



Iron-ore. 



curs in small spherical round grains, which are not hoi- Oryetogn*. 

 low, and these are composed of concentric curved la- S J- 

 mellar concretions. "~ '" 



Geographic and Geognostic Situations. It occurs in 

 hollows in secondary rocks, as at Galston in Ayrshire, 

 and in many places on the Continent of Europe. 



Uses. It yields from 30 to 40 per cent, of Iron. 



Third Kind. HENIFOPM or KIDNEV-SHAPKD BROWN Heniform 

 CLAY I RON- ORE, Jameson. Eisenniere, Jf'erner. or Kidney- 



Eiterttal Characters Colour yellowish-brown. Oc- '^** 

 curs massive, in irregular single balls, also in reniform, Q IIL , iron- 

 lenticular and elliptical forms, which are sometimes ore. 

 hollow. These forms are composed of concentric la- 

 mellar concretions, which often include a loose no- 

 dule. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situations. It occurs im- 

 bedded in ironshot clay, in secondary rocks of different 

 kinds and also in loam and clay beds that lie over 

 black coal. 



L'ti'i. It is one of the best kinds of ironstone, yields 

 an excellent iron, and is smelted in many places. 



Fourth Kind. GRANULAR BROWN CLAY IRON-ORE, Granular 

 Jameson. brown 



External Characters. Colours yellowish and reddish cla > iron 

 brown. Occurs massive, and in small globular united orc ' 

 grains. 



Gecgnoslic and Gfographic Situation*. It occurs in 

 beds between the red sandstone of the salt formation 

 and the lias limestone. It often contains petrifactions 

 of shells. It is found in Bavaria, Salzburg, the Tyrol, 

 and France. 



Uses. It affords about 40 per cent, of good iron. 



Fif-h Kind. L'MBEH, Jameson. Umber. 



External Characters. Coloun clove-brown and yel- 

 lowUh-l>ruwn. Occurs massive. Internally dull or 

 glimmering, and resinous. Fracture flat conchoidal. 



malic and Geographic Si'ualioiis. It occurs in 

 beds in the Inland of Cyprus. 



/ r. -It is used as a pigment. 



* Boo IRON-ORE, Jameson. Kaseneisemtein, Werner. Bog iron 



There are three kinds of this ore, viz. Morass ore, ore. 

 Swamp-ore, ;,ncl Meadow-ore. 



F'nt Kind. Mo'i.\ss-OiiK, or FRIABLE Boa IKON- Morasji. 

 ORE, Jnmeton. Morastera, Werner. ore. 



rnal Characters. Colour brown. Sometimes 

 friable, sometimes nearly coherent. Coherent varieties 

 occur massive, corroded, in grains, and sometimes tube- 

 rose. The friable is composed of dull dusty particles. 

 Coherent varieties externally and internally dull. Frac- 

 ture earthy. 



rraiinns. It is characterised by colour, dull 

 earthy aspect, and low specific gravity. 



Second Ki"d. SWAMP-ORE, or INDURATED Boo Swamp 

 IRON-ORE, Jameson. Sumpferz, Werner. ore. 



E.rlernal C/inrarlers. Colour yellowish-brown. Oc- 

 curs corroded and vesicular, also amorphous. Inter- 

 nally dull, but the darker varieties glimmering, and 

 sometimes even glistening. Fracture earthy, some- 

 times passing into fine-grained uneven. Specific gra- 

 vity, 2.JH4, from Sprottau, Kirmaii. 



Observations. It is distinguished from the preced- 

 ing kind, by its greater specific gravity, and greater 

 compactness. 



Third Kind. MEADOW-ORE, or CONCHOIDAL Boo Meadow 

 IRON-ORE, Jameson Weiseneris, Werner. ore. 



External Characters. On the fresh fracture it is 

 blackish-brown, which sometimes passes into brown- 

 i.-h-hlack. Occurs massive. Internally shining ; glis- 

 tening ; lustre resinous. Fracture conchoidal. Yields 

 a light yellowish-grey streak. 



