566 



MINERALOGY. 



O.yctogno- 

 ij. 



Volcanic 

 sulphur. 



CLASS in. 



OEDER i. 



HOJTEY- 



STOXE. 



Pyramidal 

 honey- 

 stone. 



varies from shining to glimmering. Lustre interme- 

 diate between adamantine and resinous. Fracture un- 

 even Translucent. Crystals semi-transparent and trans- 

 parent and refract double. Brittle, and easily frangible. 

 Chemical Characters. -It is easily inflammable, burn- 

 ing with a lambent bluish flame, and a suffocating odour. 



Gcovncstic and Geographic Situations Common si 

 phur Sccurs in considerable abundance in primitive 

 mountains, in a state of combination with metals 

 rarely pure or uncombined ; while in secondary moun- 

 tains, it is more abundant in the pure uncombined state 

 than in combination with metals. It is also met with 

 in alluvial districts, particularly near sulphureous 

 springs It abounds in Iceland, Spain, Italy, &c. 



SECOND SUUSI-ECTES. 



VOLCANIC SULPHUR, Jameson. Vulcanischer Natur- 

 licher Schwefel, Werner. 



External Characters. Colour pale sulphur-yellow. 

 Occurs massive, stalactitic, vesicular, corroded, perfo- 

 rated ; crystallized in pyramidal figures. Glistening. 

 Lustre resinous, inclining to adamantine. Fracture 

 uneven. Translucent. In other characters it agrees 

 with the preceding subspecies 



Geoenostic and Geographic Situations. It occurs only 

 in volcanic countries, riH M ess 



abundantly among lava&lW 1 the vicinity ot 



Vesuvius/is one of, the most-famous repositories 

 volcanic sulphur, and it is there collected : 

 able quantities for the purposes of commerce. 



Uses. When burnt, it affords sulphuric acid ; it 

 enters into the composition of gunpowder; is used in 

 various metallurgic processes, and m bleaching; i 

 forms a constituent part of some cements ; is employed 

 in taking casts ; and is an article in the mate medica. 



CLASS III. 



If liquid, bituminous smell. 

 Specific gravity under l.S. 



" ORDER I. RE; 



Liquid. Solid. Streak white, yell< ..:.;;-.:. 

 Hardness = 0.-2.5. Sp.gr,: 0.7 -lU U l.S. and 

 more, the streak is WHrtK/ 1 ! 



GENUS. I HONEYST&KE.** 



Crystal-Harz, Mohs. 

 Pyramidal. Hardness = 2. 2.5. Sp. gr. = 



"^PYRAMIDAL 



Solid. Yellow. White. Streak White. Hardness O.yctn R no. 

 =2.02.5. Sp. gr.= l.o 1.1. -^L^s 



v. Colour yellow and white. Oc- 



pieces, disseminated, and oucn incloses 



ternally dull ; internrlly splendent, shining 



tenin.<;, and lustre resinous. Fracture conchoidal. 



Transparent or translucent. 



Chemical Characters. It burns with a yellow-co- 

 loured flame, and fragrant odour, at the saroe time in- 

 tumescing, but scarcely melt^;;. 



Physical Characters. When ubbed, it gives out an 

 agreeable smell, and becomes strongly rctino-ckctric. 

 This latter property was known to the ancients, who 

 termed amber electrum ; from whence is derived the 

 word electricity. 



Constituent Parts It is composed of carbon, hydro- 

 gen, and oxygen. An acid named Sitccinic is obtained 

 from it by distillation. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situation It occurs m 

 beds of bituminous wood and moor coal ; also in a 

 conglomerate formed by the aggregation of fragmei 

 on sea-shores ; in sandy soil ; frequently t 

 the sea; and it is said to have been observed imfi 

 in secondary limestone. It is found on the shores 

 Scotland and England, of the Baltic, and in Germany, 

 Poland, and other countries. 



Uses On account, of its beautiful colour, great 



transparency, and the fine polish it receives, it is con- 

 sidered as an ornamental stone, and is cut into neck- 

 laces, bracelets, snuff-boxes, and other articles of dress. 



2. BLACK. MINERAL .1; -won. Schwarzes, BIack mi . 



Erd-Harz, Mo/; neral re- 



Sdlid, liquid. Black, brttwri, red; grey. , Sfceak black, s i n . 

 brown. yellow, grey. Hardness = 0.2. Sp. gr. = 



0.8 1.2. 



This species is divided into three subspecies, viz. 

 Naphtha, Mineral Oil or Petroleum, and Mineral Pitch 

 or Bitumen. 



FIRST Sr; 



sh-vhite, yel- 

 liquid. Shin- 

 agree- 



Naphtha. 



Ycllow 

 mineral 



i. 4'. 93. 22'. Cleavage 



rnai L ,mr C . yellow. Rarely mas- 

 sive. Generally crystallized in flat double four-sided 

 pyramids. Lustre shining 'or splendent, 

 conchoidal. Semi-transparent, or translucent, and 

 fracts double. 



Constituent Parts. Alumina, 



Mellilitic Acid, 



Water of Crystallization, 38100 

 Klaproth, Beit. b. iii. s. 114. 



Geoenostic and Geographic Situations. It occurs su- 

 perimposed on bituminous wood and earth-coal and is 

 usually accompanied with sulphur. It has been hither- 

 to found only at Artern in Thurmgia. 



GENUS II.MINERAL RESIN. 



Erd-Harz, Mohs. 



Amorphous. Hardness=0. 2.2. Sp. gr.=0 8.1.2. 

 This genus contains two species, viz. Yellow I 

 neral Resin, and Black Mineral Resin. 



1. YELLOW MINERAL RESIN, or AMBER, Jameson 

 Gelbes Erdharz, Mohs. 



: n-actcrs. Colo', 

 lawish-giey, and wirie^-eHow. 

 ing and resinous. Feels greasy. 

 able bituminous smell.' 



Chemical Characters. Takes fire on the approach of 

 flame, affording a bright white light. 



Constituent Paris Is a compound of carbon, hycli 

 gen, and a little oxygen. 



' Geowxtic and Geographic Situations. This mineral 

 is seldom found in a pure state. It is said to occur i 

 considerable springs on the shores of the Caspian 

 in the Caucasus, and other places. 



Uses In Persia, Japan, and some parts ot j 

 where it occurs in considerable quantity, it is used i 

 lamps, in place of oil, for lighting streets, churcl IBS, &c. 

 SECOND SUBSPECIES. 



MINERAL OIL, or PETROLEUM, Jameson. 



External CharactersColour dark blackish brown, 



which sometimes inclines to green. 



proaches more or less to the viscid state. 



ruinous. Feels greasy. Semi-transparent, translucent, 



and opaque. Exhales a strong bituminous odour. 



GeSiic and Geographic Situations.-lt genera y 

 flowsTrom rocks of the coal formation, and usually 

 ftom theTmmediat. vicinity of b ,f coal also rom 

 limestone rocks. It occurs in marshes, on tl 

 oTspring water; or it flows or trickles unmixed from 

 ta mineral repository. Is found at St. Catherine s well, 



