MINERALOGY. 



567 



Vjrr?no- near Edinburgh, in the Orkney Islands, in Shropshire in 



T- 



\ - c. 



Mineral 



( Mich. 



Earthy mi- 



ncral pitch. 



Lies In Piedmont, Persia, Japan, and other coun- 

 tries, it is use<l in lamps in place of oil, for lighting 

 streets and churches. 



THIRD SUBSPECIES. 

 MINERAL PITCH, or BITUMEN, Jameson. 



This species i- divided into three kinds, viz. Earthy 

 Mineral Pitch, Slaggy Mineral Pitch, and Elastic Mi- 

 neral Pitch. 



First Kind. EARTHY MINERAL PITCH, Jameson 

 raJ pitch. Erdi;es Erdpech, Werner. 



'frnal Characters. Colour blackih brown. Oc- 

 curs massive. Faintly glimmering, inclining to dull. 

 Fracture ecrthy or uneven. Streak shining and resi- 

 nous. Soft. Sectile. Feels greasy. 



Gtognotlic and Geographic Situations. It occurs in 

 the Iberg in the Hartz, along with slaggy mineral 

 pitch, in veins that traverse grey wacke ; also in other 

 place*. 



Second Kind. SLAOOY MINERAL PITCH, or ASPHAL- 

 TOM, Jameson Schlackiges Erdpech, Werner. 



External Characters __ Colour pitch black.. Occurs 

 mamive, disseminated, sometimes globular, reniform, 

 and stalagmitic. Externally and internally splendent 

 and shining, and lustre resinous. Fracture conchoidal. 

 Soft. Opaque. Sectile. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situations -- It occurs 

 in veins in reniform and imbedded masses in secondary 

 limestone in Fifeshire ; in clay ironstone in East Lo- 

 thian ; in veins at Haughmond Hill in Shropshire, and 

 in mineral veins in Cornwall. 



Uta The Egyptians employed it in the process of 

 embalming bodre*. The Turks quarry it in Albania, 

 nd use it, when mixed with common rosin, for pay- 

 ing the bottoms of ships, and for smearing the rigging. 

 Elutic mi- Third Kind ELASTIC MINERAL PITCH, Jameson 

 pitch. Elastiches Erdpech, Werner. 



External Character!. Colour brown. Occurs mas- 

 sive, reniform, and sometimes with impressions. In- 

 ternally shining and glistening, and lustre resinous. 

 Fracture curved slaty, or conchoidal. Translucent on 

 the 'edges. Shining in the streak. Perfectly sectile. 

 Elastic flexible. 



snottic and Gengraphic Situations. It is found in 

 the cavities of a lead glance vein in the lead mine called 

 Odin, whii-h i* situated near the hnse of Mamtor, to the 

 north of Castletown in Derbyshire. 



OEDER II. COA I.. 



Solid. Streak brown and black. Hardness = 0.1 __ 

 2.5. Sp. gr. = !..- 1.5. 



Genus I COAL. 



Amorphous. Hardness = 1. 2.5. Sp. er. 

 1.2_1..'. 



This genus contains two species, viz. Bituminous 

 Coal, and Glance Coal. 



1. BITUMINOUS COAL, Jameson Harzige Kohle, 



'is. 



Colours black and brown. 

 minous *mell. Hardness = 1 

 1.5. 



This species contains two subspecies, viz. Brown 

 Bituminous Coal, and Black Bituminous CoaL 

 FIRST SUBSPECIK.S. 



BROWN BITUMINOUS COAL or BROWN COAL, Jameson. 

 Braun K. ',: C r. 



This subspecies is divided into five kinds, viz. 1. Bi- 

 tuminous Wood, or Fibrous Brown Coal. 2. Earthy 

 <>r Earthy Brown Coal. 3. Alum Earth. 4. Com- 

 mon Brown Coal, or Conchoidal Brown Coal ; and, 5. 

 Moor Coal, or Trapezoidal Coal 



Bitum nous 

 coal 



Resinous lustre. Bitu. 

 2.5. Sp. cr. = 1.2_ 



Brown bi- 



tutninoui 

 "I- 



First Kind. BITUMINOUS WOOD, or FIBROUS BnowN Oryctagno- 



COAL, Jameson Bituminoses Holz, Werner. x_ f _ sy '- L _ J 



External Characters Colour brown. External Bitl .. minoire 

 shape resembles exactly that of stems and branches of wood> 

 trees, but usually compressed. Principal fracture 

 glimmering or glistening'; cross fracture shining. Frac- 

 ture fibrous in the small, slaty in the great. Opaque. 

 Streak shining. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situations Occurs in 

 alluvial land, or in secondary rocks ; and is found in 

 Scotland, England, Ireland, &c. 



Second Kind EARTH-COAL, or EARTHY-BROWN Earth 



COAL, Jameson Erdkohle Werner. coal. 



External Characters. Colours brown and grey. Oc- 

 curs massive. Its consistence is between cohering and 

 loose, but more inclined to the lat'er. Particles coarse, 

 dusty, and soil a little. Internally faintly glimmering, 

 passing into dull. Fracture in the more cohering mass- 

 es fine earthy. Streak somewhat shining. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situation. Is found, 

 along with bituminous wood, in Thuringia, and other 

 countries. 



Uses. It is used as fuel where no great degree of 

 heat is required, as in heating rooms, salt, nitre, and 

 alum works, qnd in distillation. 



Third Kind. ALUM EARTH, Jameson. Alaunerde, Alum 

 Werner. h - 



External Characters. Colour black. Massive. Dull, 

 sometimes glimmering ; but this is owing to an inter- 

 mixture of mica. Fracture in the great, thick or 

 thin slaty ; in the small, earthy. Breaks into tabular 

 pieces. Streak shining. Is sectile, and uncommonly 

 easily frangible. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situations. It occurs in 

 alluvial districts in France, Germany, Italy, and Hun- 



Uses. It is first exposed to the air for several months, 

 and then lixiviated, to obtain the alum it contains; it 

 is rarely used for fuel. 



Fourth Kind. COMMON BROWN COAL, or CONCHOI- Common 

 DAL BROWN COAL, Jameson Gemeine Braunkohle, brown coal 

 II i-rner. 



External Characters Colour Black. Occurs mas- 

 sive, and sometimes ligniform. Internally shining, 

 sometimes glistening, and lustre resinous. Fracture 

 coiu-hoidal, and sometimes shews the fibrous woody tex- 

 ture. Colour lighter in the streak. 



Constituent Parts 200 grains of the Bovey brown 



coal, by distillation, yielded, 



1. Water, which soon came over acid, and 



afterwards turbid, by the mixture of 



(tome bitumen . . 60grains 



2. Thick brown oily bitumen, . 21 



3. Charcoal . . 



4. Mixed gas, consisting of hydrogen, car- 



bonated hydrogen, and carbonic acid 29 200 

 Hatchett, Phil. Trans. 1804. 



Geognestic and Geographic Situation. It_ occurs in 

 alluvial land, and in secondary or floetz-trap rocks, in 

 England, Ireland, France, \c. 



Use. It is used as fuel. 



Fifth Kind. MOOR COAL, or TRAPEZOIDAL BROWN Moor coal 

 COAL, Jameson. Moorkohle, Werner. 



External Characters. Colour brown and black. 

 Occurs massive, when first dug, but soon bursts ami 

 splits into rliomhoidal pieces. Lustre of the principal 

 fracture glimmering, of the cross fracture glistening, 

 and lustre re-inous. Principal fracture imperfect slaty ; 

 the cross fracture even approaching to conchoidal. Sec- 

 tile. Streak shining. Uncommonly easily frangible^ 

 The most frangible species of coal. 



