568 



MINERALOGY. 



Oivetogno- 



Black coal. 



Slate coal. 



Tunnel 



call. 



Foliated 

 coal. 



Geogntxtic and Geographic Situations It occurs in 

 great beds in alluvial lands, and in flcetz trap rocks in 

 Bohemia, Germany, &c. 



SECOND SUBSPECIES. 



BLAck BITUMINOUS COAL, Jameson. Schwartzkohle, 

 Werner. 



This subspecies is divided into four kinds, viz. Slate 

 Coal, Cannel Coal, Foliated Coal, and Coarse Coal. 



Fint Kind SLATE COAL, Jameson Schieferkohle, 



Werner. 



External Characters. Colour black. Occurs mas- 

 sive. Shining or glistening, and lustre resinous. Prin- 

 cipal fracture nearly straight, and generally thick slaty; 

 cross fracture imperfect and flat conchoidal, and some- 

 times even or uneven. Lustre increased in the streak. 



Geognoslic and Geographic Situations Abounds hi 



all the coal districts in Great Britain. 



Second Ki?id. CANNEL COAL, Jameson Kennel. 



kohle, Werner. 



External Characters Colour black. Massive. In- 

 ternally glistening or glimmering, and lustre resinous. 

 Fracture large and flat conchoidal, or even. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situations It occurs, 



along with the preceding subspecies, in the coal for- 

 mation in most of the coal fields of Great Britain. 



Uses. On account of its solidity, and the good po- 

 lish it is capable of receiving when pure, it is cut into 

 drinking vessels of various kinds, inkholders, snuff- 

 boxes, &c. ; but its principal use is as fuel. 



Third Kind. FOLIATED COAL, Jameson. Blatter- 

 kolile, Werner. 



External C/iaracters. Colour velvet black. Massive, 

 ar.d in lamellar concretions. Lustre splendent and re- 

 sinous. Fracture uneven. Softer than cannel coal. 



Geognoslic and Geographic Situations. It occurs in 

 the coal formation, although not abundantly, and gene- 

 rally accompanied with slate coal, in Saxony and Silesia. 



Fourth Kind. COARSE COAL, Jameson Grobkhole, 

 Werner. 



External Characters. Colour black. Massive, and 

 in granular concretions, which are intimately aggregat- 

 ed together. Glistening and resinous. Principal frac- 

 ture imperfect, and thick scaly ; cross fracture fine- 

 grained uneven. 



Geognoslic Situation.' Occurs in the coal formation 

 in Germany. 



2. GLANCE COAL, Jameson. Harzlose Steinkohle, 

 Mohs. 



Colour black. Imperfect metallic lustre. No bi- 

 tuminous smell. Hardness = 2. 2.5. Sp. gr. =: 

 1.3. 1.5. 



This species contains two subspecies, viz. Pitch 

 Coal, and Glance Coal. 



FIRST SUBSPECIES. 



PuchcoaL PITCH COAL, or JET, Jameson. Pechkohle, Werner. 

 External Characters. Colour velvet black. Occurs 

 massive ; and it is said also in plates, and sometimes 

 in the shape of branches, with a regular woody inter- 

 nal structure. Internally splendent, and the lustre re. 

 sinous, inclining to metallic. Fracture large and per- 

 fect conchoidal. Affords a brown coloured streak. 



Chemical Characters.^ It burns with a greenish 

 flame. Its chemical constitution is still imperfectly 

 understood. 



Geognoslic r.nd Geographic Situations. It occurs 

 along with brown coal, in beds in floetz trap and lime- 

 stone rocks ; also in beds and in imbedded portions 

 in bituminous shale, in Scotland, Faroe Islands, and 

 Grmany. 



Ghr.ce 



ixai. 



SECOND SUBSPECIES. 

 GLANCE COAL, Jameson. Glanzkohle, Werner. 



This subspecies contains four kinds, viz. 1. Conchoi- 

 dal, 2. Slaty, 3. Columnar, 4. Fibrous. 



First Kind. CONCHOIDAL GLANCE COAL, Jameson 



Muschliche Glanzkohle, Werner Anthracite Com- 



pacte, Haiiy. 



External Characters. Colour iron black. Massive 

 and vesicular. Internally splendent and shining, and 

 lustre imperfect metallic. Fracture conchoidal. 



Chemical Characters. It burns without flame or 

 smell, and leaves a white coloured ash. 



Geognoslic Situation. It occurs in beds in transition 

 and secondary rocks. 



Geographic Situation. It occurs in beds in the coal 

 formation of Ayrshire, as near Cumnock and Kilmar- 

 nock ; in the coal districts in the river district of the 

 Forth ; and in Staffordshire in England. 



Second Kind. SLATY GLANCE COAL, Jameson. Slaty 

 Schiefvige Glanzkohle, Werner. Anthracite feuillete, glance 

 Haiiy. coal. 



External Characters Colour dark iron black, seldom 

 inclining to brown ; those varieties that border on gra- 

 phite, incline to steel grey. Massive. Internally shin- 

 ing and glistening, and lustre imperfect metallic. Prin- 

 cipal fracture slaty ; cross fracture conchoidal or un- 

 even. 



Orytogii. 



Glance 

 Conchoidal 



Constituent Paris. Carbon 



Silica . 

 Alumina 

 Oxide of iron 

 Loss 



Panzenberg. 

 90 



. 4 to 2 

 4 to 5 

 2 to 3 



100 



Dolomieu. 



72.05 



13.19 



3.29 



3.47 



8.00 



100.00 



Geognostic and Geographic Situations. It occurs in 

 imbedded masses, beds and veins, in primitive transi- 

 tion, and secondary rocks. It is found in sandstone in 

 Arran; in trap rocks in the Calton Hill at Edinburgh; 

 and in the coal formation in the river district of the 

 Forth. 



Observations In this country it is named Blind 

 Coal. 



Third Kind COLUMNAR GLANCE COAL, Jameson Columnar 



Stangenkohle, Volgt Houille bacillaire, Haiiy. glance coal. 



External Characters Colour black. Occurs mas- 

 sive, disseminated ; also in prismatic concretions. Lus. 

 tre shining and glistening, and imperfect metallic. Frac. 

 ture conchoidal or uneven. 



Chemical Characters It burns without flame or 

 smoke. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situations It forms a bed 

 several feet thick, in the coal field of Sanquhar in Dum- 

 fries-shire, and occurs in other parts of Scotland. 



Fourth Kind. FIBROUS COAL, or MINERAL CHAR* Fibrous 

 COAL, Jameson Mineralische Holzkohle, Werner. c" 1 '- 



External Characters Colour black. Massive, in 

 thin layers, and single pieces ; also in fibrous distinct 

 concretions. Is glimmering, bordering on glistening, 

 and lustre silky or pearly. Soils strongly. Soft, pas- 

 sing into friable. Very easily frangible. 



Chemical Characters. When exposed to a strong 

 heat, it burns without flame or smoke ; some varieties 

 scarcely yield to the most intense heat. 



Geognostic and Geographic Situations. It occurs im- 

 bedded, or in thin layers, in black coal, sometimes en- 

 closed in pitchstone, and it is said also occasionally 

 associated with some varieties of brown coal. It is 

 met with in the different coal fields of Great Britain, 

 and in similar situations on the continent of Europe. 



