M O L L U S C A. 



635 



lute*, base it cup-shaped, and the lateral valves of the lid are 

 ' separate. 



Although we have introduced this class to the notice 

 of our readers under the article Mollusca, we are never- 

 theless of opinion, that it is more nearly related to the 

 annulose animals. The appearance of the nervous sys- 

 tem, and the structure of the mouth and of the tail, in- 

 timate its connection with the Crustacea, and justify 

 the appellation Cruttacea conchilifera, by which La- 

 marck intended at first that it should be designated. 



We shall now conclude this article by a list of figures 

 of a few of the species in the different classes illustra- 

 tive of the forms which they exhibit. The reader will 

 find in Plate* CCCXCVIII. and CCCXCIX. Fig. 1. 



Ocythoe cranchii. Fig. 2. Two of the corneous rings Mollusca. 

 of the suckers of Loligo sagittata. Fig. 3. Mandibles v - "- ' 

 of ditto, a, the under one, b, the upper one. Fig. 4. 

 Pneumodermon peronii. Fig. 5. Testacella haliotoidea. 

 Fig- 6. Onchidium typha. Fig. 7. Doris marginata. 

 Fig. 8. Thethys fimbria. Fig. 9. Phyllidia ocellata, 

 upper side. Fig. 10. Phyllidia trilineata, under side. 

 Fig. 11. Pleurobranchus membranaeeus. Fig. 12. Bulla 

 hydatis. Fig. 1 3. Valvata cristata, magnified. Fig. 1 4. 

 Buccinum undatum, without the shell. Fig. 15. Hyli- 

 otis tubereulata. Fig. 1C. Modiolus vulgaris. Fig. 17. 

 Synoicum turgens. Fig. 1 8. Lingula unguis. Fig. 19- 

 Tubicinella balsnaruni. Fig. 20. Coronula balsenaris. 



0- r.) 



M O L 



MOLUCCAS, or SPICE ISLANDS, comprehends, in 

 the mot extensive seme of the term, all the islands be- 

 tween Celebe* and New Guinea, situated to the east of 

 the Molucca passage, in longitude 126, particularly 

 those of Gilolo ; but, in a more limited sense, it is 

 usually restricted to the Dutch Spice Islands, Amboyna, 

 Banda, Batchian, Cenun, Ternate, Tidore, &c. These 

 islands (the chief of which will be found described un- 

 der their respective names in this work,) were first 

 discovered by the Portuguese in 1510, but afterwards 

 fell into the hand* of the Spaniards, who were supplant- 

 ed in their turn by the Dutch in 1627- The climate 

 of these islands is generally moist and unhealthy. 

 Their principal productions are cocoa-nuts, rice, sago, 

 cloves, ginger, mace, nutmegs, with several herbs and 

 plant*. No metaU are found upon them, but pearls are 

 aid to be frequently met with on their coasts. Goats 

 are the most common animal* on these islands, and 

 snake* of various descriptions. But the birds of para- 

 di*e, which are supposed to come from New Guinea, 

 are taken in great number* on the Moluccas, by means 

 ot' bird-lime, and form a considerable article of traffic. 

 At the discovery of these islands, two distinct races of 

 people were found upon them, the Malays, or Mahom- 

 medans, on the ea-coast, and the oriental negroes, or 

 Papua.*, in the interior. The former speak a dialect of 

 the Malay tongue, mixed with many foreign words ; 

 but the ancient Molucca or Tiniata language appeared 

 to Dr. Leyden to have been an original tongue. They 

 have adopted many of the tenet*, or rather observances, 

 of the Brahminical system, but many of them, named 

 > Shereefs, boast of their descent from Mahommed, and 

 are held in great respect, especially if they have per. 

 formed the pilgrimage to Mecca. The Papua* nave 

 been rapidly decreasing, and have wholly disappeared 

 in most of the smaller islands. But they still exist in 

 many of the more eastern islands, and hold undisturb- 

 ed pomiiion of New Guinea. The house* on these 

 island* are generally raised on pillars 8 or 10 feet high, 

 on account of the moisture, and are entered by means 

 of a ladder, which is afterward* drawn up. The co- 

 lour of the native* is a deep mixture of black and yel- 

 low, and their disposition* wild and ferocious. They 

 Mbii** chiefly on sago. The men wear little covering, 

 except a hat of leave*, and a piece of cloth round their 

 middle; and the women are dressed in a large wide 

 garment like a sack, with a remarkably broad hat mi 

 weir head*. Their arm* arc a kind of light tough wood, 

 arrow* of reed, pointed with hard wood, and bucklers 

 of black hard wood, ornamented with designs in relievo. 



M O N 



made with beautiful white shells. They excel in the 

 construction and management of their vessels, which South 

 resemble in great measure those which have been al- >-,- ' 

 ready described-under the Article MAGINBANAO. See 

 Sonnerat's Voyage to the Spice Islands ; and Forrest's 

 Voyage to Nen Guinea. (9.) 



MOLTON, SOUTH, a town of England, in Devon, 

 shire, is situated on an eminence on the western bank 

 of the River Moult. The town consists of three streets, 

 meeting at the market place, where the houses are 

 large and neat. The public buildings are, the church, 

 which is handsome and spacious, and the town-house. 

 There is here a Free School, founded in 16 It. Serges, 

 shalloons, and felts, were manufactured here. The 

 population of the parish in 1811, was 555 families, and 

 2739 inhabitants. See the lieauties of England and 

 Waltt, vol. iv. p. 276. 



MONAGHAN, an inland county in Ireland, in the 

 province of Ulster, is bounded on the north by Ar- Boundaries 

 magh and Tyrone ; on the east by the former county an( ] extent. 

 and Louth ; on the south by Cavan and Louth, and 

 on the west by Fermanagh. It is the smallest county 

 in the province of Ulster, and indeed in all Ireland, 

 with the exception of four counties in Leinster, viz. 

 Louth, Dublin, Carlow, and Longford. The county 

 of Armagh approaches nearest it in size, Monaghan, 

 according to the best authorities, containing 179,600 

 Irish acres, and Armagh 181,450. It is divided into Diiion 

 five baronies, Monaghan, Cremowine, Dartrey, Freugh, 

 and Farney : the last is sometimes called Donagh. 

 moyne. The number of parishes is 19. The princi. 

 pal towns are Monaghan, Castle Blaney, Carrickma- 

 cross, and Clones ; but they are all poor, and small 

 places. Its length is about 30 miles, and its breadth 

 22. It is in the diocese of Clogher, and province of 

 Armagh ; and returns two members to Parliament. 

 Monaghan is one of the most uninteresting and unim- 

 portant counties of Ireland, in almost every point of 

 view our notice of it, therefore, will be brief. Its Surface 

 surface is not mountainous, but in most parts is occu- and soil- 

 pied by a number of hills, scattered in an irregular 

 manner, without forming continued ridges or chains. 

 On the borders of Tyrone and Armagh, however, these 

 hills rise in height, and are more connected, partaking 

 of the character of the adjacent Few mountains. In the 

 interior of the county there are a number of bogs ; 

 but in some places these have been drained with great 

 skill and labour, and at considerable cxpence ; or, 

 where they could not be drained, have been converted 

 into sheets of water, which greatly add to the appear* 



