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lontpel- den, which is the oldest in France, was instituted in 

 l** 15yS. There is also here a special school of pharmacy, 

 and a well regulated hospital. 



onir^ The o)d acadenjy o f sciences at Montpellier has been 

 replaced by a literary society, called the Free Society 

 of Sciences and Letters. There are also here a medical 

 society, society of practical medicine, and an agricul- 

 tural society. An academy of arts, which distributes 

 medal* annually, was founded in 1781. 



Montpellier contains several interesting cabinets, viz. 

 that of the city, that of M. Lamoreux, which is very rich 

 in rare shells; that of M. Marcel Serres, containing more 

 than 9000 insects and valuable minerals, and a consider- 

 able herbarium, belonging to M. Bouchet Doumeng. 



The principal manufactures of Montpellier are those 

 of brandy, perfumeries of all kinds, and verdigris, or 

 acetate of copper. Corn, oil, silk, and wool, the pro- 

 ductions of the neighbouring territory, are the prin- 

 cipal sources of the commerce of Montpellier. Cover- 

 lets, handkerchiefs, and cotton cloths, are also manu- 

 factured here. These articles of trade are carried by 

 the canal to Cette, which is the port of Montpellier. 



The principal promenades of the city are the Es- 

 planade, the Peyrou, and the Canourgue. The Es- 

 planade, begun in 1724 by the Duke de Roquelare, 

 occupies the ground between the citadel and the an- 

 cient city. It is extensive, and shaded with rows of 

 trees, and adorned with several large basins. The 

 Place du Peyrou is situated on the highest part 

 of Montpellier. The ground, supported by very high 

 walls, farms two terraces placed one above another. 

 The lower one, which occupies the greatest space, is 

 planted with several rows of trees, and adorned with 

 two fine fountains. The wall of the upper terrace is 

 surmounted with trophies. At the bottom of the place 

 is the reservoir of water, which is supplied by the 

 aqueduct designed by M. Pilot, for conveying to 

 Montpellier the waters of St. Clement. It has two rows 

 of arcades, and the second supports a long gallery. 

 Thu magnificent work is allowed to decay. The Ca- 

 nourgue is celebrated chiefly for being the place where 

 Rousseau walked during his stay in that city. Popula- 

 tion of Montpellier 26,704. Its mean tetn|>erature is 

 59* 4' of Fahrenheit. The observatory is situated in 

 East Long. 3* 5? 40", and North Lat. 43* 36' 15 '. 47. 

 For a full account of this town and its antiquities, see 

 Millin's Voyage dan* let Departemen* du Midi de la 

 France, torn. iv. chap. 114, 115, 116, p. 283. 



MONTREAL, a town of North America, in Lower 

 Canada, is situated on an island formed by the river 

 Ottawa! and the river St. Lawrence. The island is 32 

 miles long by 10 broad, and is very productive in all 

 kinds of grain, vegetables, and fruits. 



The town, which derives its name from a high moun- 

 tain in the middle of the island, forms an oblong square, 

 surrounded by a lofty but decaying wall. It is divided 

 into the upper and the lower town. The old streets 

 art narrow and gloomy, but the new ones are more 

 open* extending parallel to the river, and crossed by 

 others at right angles. Many of the houses are large 

 and well built, of a greyish sort of stone, and in ge- 

 neral are roofed with sheet iron or tin. The Place 

 d'Armes, which is the only square, excepting the two 

 market place*, is situated on the side of the town far- 

 thest from the river, and was originally built for the 

 purpose of military exercise. Montreal contains six 

 churches, an Episcopalian, a Presbyterian, and four 

 Roman Catholic churches. The cathedral church, which 

 belongs to the Catholics, stands in the Place d'Armes. 



It is a spacious stone building, containing five richly Montreal 

 decorated altars. The other public buildings and csta- It 

 blishments are the Hotel Dieu, for relieving the des- MonuiMe. 

 titute sick, managed by a superior and 36 nuns ; the ^"V 

 Convent of Notre Dame, for female instruction, ma- 

 naged by a superior and 60 nuns ; the convent of the 

 Grey Sisters and the Hospital of Invalids ; the Semi- 

 nary of St. Sulpice, for the education of youth ; and 

 die New College, which is a handsome building. The 

 civil and criminal courts are held in a plain but neat 

 building, in Notre Dame Street, and near it stands the 

 jail, erected in a salubrious situation, on the site of the 

 one which was burned down in 1803. The govern- 

 ment house is an old and elegant building. The bar. 

 racks, encircled with a lofty wall, and capable of con- 

 taining 300 men, are agreeably situated near the river. 



The harbour of Montreal is commodious, there are 

 fifteen feet of water close to the shore, near the market- 

 gate. Montreal is the great depot for the fur trade, of 

 which we have already given some account in our ar- 

 ticles CANADA and HUDSON'S BAY. The population of 

 Montreal is stated by Morse to have been 16,000 in 

 1809, nd by Gray to be 10,000, while others make it 

 little more than 6000. For farther information respect- 

 ing this place, see the works quoted under the article 

 CANADA. West Long. 73 35', and North Lat. 45" 31'. 



MONTROSE, a royal burgh, and maritime town in 

 the county of Forfar, is situated at the mouth of the 

 river South Esk, 70 miles north from Edinburgh, in 

 56*, 34' of north Latitude, and 2, 10' of west Longi- Name. 

 tude from London. The ancient name of Montrose, 

 according to Boece, was Celurea ; but the etymology 

 of its modern appellation has been variously resolved. 

 In Latin, it is called Manturum by Ravenna ; and by 

 Cambden, Mont llosarum, " the Mount of Roses ;" in 

 French, Mons-troit, "the three hills or mounts;" in 

 the ancient British, Mant-er-rose, " the mouth of the 

 stream ;"' in the Gaelic, Mon-ross, " promontory-hill," 

 or Moin-ross, " the promontory of the moss," or meadk, 

 (pronounced mu) an-rots, " the field or plain of the 

 peninsula." The second of these derivations, though 

 the most unlikely of all, is countenanced by the seal of 

 the town, whicli bears the ornament of roses, with the 

 following motto, " Mare ditat, Rosa decorat ;" but the 

 two last, besides being the most probable, correspond 

 best with the pronunciation of the name by the com- 

 mon people in the neighbourhood, and by all who 

 speak the Gaelic language, viz. Munrots. 



The erection of Montrose into a royal burgh has ge- History, 

 nerally been referred to the year 1 352, the twenty-third 

 of the reign of David II. ; but there is every reason to 

 think that the original charter must have emanated 

 from David I. In the rolls of the parliament, which 

 was held at Edinburgh in September 1357, for effect- 

 ing the ransom of David II. from his captivity in Eng- 

 land, the burgh of Montrose stands the ninth upon the 

 list, with the names of eight other burghs behind it ; 

 a circumstance, which is scarcely compatible with the 

 supposition of its having been created a royal burgh 

 only five years before. It appears, at least, to have 

 been a place of some note long before the earliest date 

 assigned to its erection as a royal burgh ; and is men- 

 tioned in Dalrymple's Annalt of Scotland among some 

 of the principal cities of the kingdom which were near- 

 ly destroyed by fire in the year 1244. Its name is 

 connected with many important events in Scottish his- 

 tory. It is mentioned by Froissart as the port from 

 which Sir James Douglas embarked, in 1330, with a 

 numerous and splendid retinue, on a pilgrimage to the 



