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trate and decaying trees were seen frequently three and four deep 

 covered by a thick damp mantle of moss, in which other vegetation 

 attempting to grow would soon fade and die. As we view the de- 

 struction that had been going on here among the trees within the 

 last few years, we see that in reality a shadow of death had passed 

 over this region, the cause of which it was now our duty if possible 

 to determine. Although the dead trees on every side bore abundant 

 evidence that the timber had been killed by insects, no trees could 

 be found actually dying from such effect, until we reached the top 

 of a mountain where the loggers were at work, here the object of 

 our search was found, being a small tree about eight inches in di- 

 ameter not yet entirely dead. Procuring an ax the tree was felled 

 and abundant and convincing proof of the cause of its death was 

 found when a portion of the bark was removed revealing hundreds 

 of little insects which had mined through the bark in all directions 

 checking the flow of sap thus causing the death of the tree. Beetles 

 were also found in the green bark and sap wood. The men who 

 were watching the operation with evident curiosity and interest ad- 

 mitted that they were convinced and expressed wonder that they 

 had never discovered the fact. Sections of this tree were cut, which 

 were kindly carried to the camp by the men who offered any further 

 services we might desire. Mr. Steel, the foreman of the camp^ be- 

 ing especially kind in giving us assistance and information. Farther 

 search was made for dying trees and a number of others were found, 

 where swarms of small gnats were observed flying around the trees 

 and alighting on the bark. Supposing these to be parasites careful 

 search was made in the bark, where the same insects were found in 

 the mines of the bark borers on which they had evidently been feed- 

 ing. Several other species of insects were also found feeding on 

 these bark borers. We had thus found the possible and evident 

 cause of the timber dying, and the probable natural remedy which 

 had checked this cause and prevented further destruction. Much, 

 however, remains to be studied out before convincing proof can be 

 had as to which species should be changed with their death, and 

 which should have the credit for the better condition of the forest. 

 These trees were again visited on September ist, the bark carefully 

 examined, and: sections of the trees cut and sent to the Station for 

 further study. On returning to the Station, these sections were 

 placed in large cylindrical glass jars, the mouths of which were 

 covered with coarse muslin secured by rubber bands. I have thus 

 been able to note the insects which have since emerged from the sec- 

 tions. I am now in correspondence with timber men in different 

 sections of the forest with a view of securing additional information; 

 and with Profs. Riley and Howard of the U. S. Division of Entom- 

 ology, to whom I sent examples of 'the insects taken in the forest, 

 and from the breeding jars, for determination. They have kindly 

 determined such of them as were known; several of them proving 

 to be new species. A list of the insects taken, with cuts and de- 

 scriptions of the principal injurious and beneficial ones, will appear 



